| The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the reform of the ecological civilization system should be accelerated to build a beautiful China,and the requirement of establishing a market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation mechanism for China’s ecological compensation system was put forward.In recent years,in the development process of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city cluster,the distribution of ecological resources and ecological benefit sharing is not reasonable,which hinders the coordinated development of regional economy.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the basis of ecological compensation,unify the compensation standard,implement a long-term effective horizontal compensation mechanism,gradually enhance the coordination of regional ecology and economy,and form a new economic growth point.Based on ecosystem service value and provincial hectare ecological footprint method,this paper studies the regional ecological compensation mechanism of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2010 to 2019 from the perspectives of "why to compensate","who to compensate","how much to compensate" and "who to compensate first" in ecological compensation,taking urban agglomeration as the starting point.The results showed that:(1)the distribution of ecosystem service value,ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of different land types in different cities and cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration was unbalanced.(2)From 2010 to 2019,Beijing,Tianjin,Shijiazhuang,Tangshan,Handan and Cangzhou(from 2010 to 2016)were divided into ecological beneficiary areas for the inflow of ecological service value into cities.Qinhuangdao City,Xingtai City,Baoding City,Zhangjiakou City,Chengde City,Langfang City,Hengshui City and Cangzhou City(from 2017 to 2019)were divided into ecological protection areas by spillover of ecosystem service value.(3)During the study period,the total amount of ecological compensation of each city in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 141 million yuan and 17.407 billion yuan,with Tianjin City having the highest amount of ecological compensation,followed by Tangshan City.The total amount of ecological compensation was distributed between 271 million yuan and 10.703 billion yuan.Chengde City received the highest ecological compensation,followed by Zhangjiakou City.(4)The ecological compensation expenditure is 0.20%—9.31% of the local general public budget,with a slight fluctuation of 4.8% or so.The amount of ecological compensation is within the range that can be borne by all localities.In Tangshan City and Handan City,it is between 10.25%—40.25%.The reasonable amount of ecological compensation for both the compensator and the beneficiary was determined through government consultation,indicating that the ecological compensation method of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration constructed based on ecosystem service value and ecological footprint theory is objective,fair and feasible. |
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