Research On Dynamic Monitoring Method Of Ecological Environment Of Typical Open Cast Mines Of Songxian In Henan Province

Mineral resources as an important support for China’s economic and social development,on the one hand,mining and utilization of human civilization has produced an important role in promoting the development of human society;On the other hand,development and utilization also bring about ecological and environmental problems such as landscape destruction,occupying land resources,frequent geological disasters and serious environmental pollution.How to effectively identify and monitor the ecological and environmental problems caused by mining has become the focus of mining enterprises and related management departments.As a large county of mineral resources in Henan Province,Songxian County is rich in mineral resources,about 35 kinds of mineral have been identified,and the ecological environment problems of open pit mines are more prominent.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to carry out the research on the dynamic monitoring method of ecological environment for the open pit mines in Songxian County.Through field investigation,mathematical statistics,remote sensing interpretation and other means,on the basis of finding out the ecological and environmental problems of Songxian open-pit mine,the identification method of ecological and environmental problems of open-pit mine based on remote sensing image was explored.The ecological environment monitoring index system of open pit mine was constructed,and the comprehensive index method was used to construct the ecological environment monitoring and evaluation model of open pit mine.Two typical mining areas,Xiaonangou and Dianfang,were taken as the research objects to carry out dynamic monitoring of the ecological environment,and the rationality of the ecological environment monitoring index system was tested,and the following results were obtained:(1)The ecological and environmental problems caused by Songxian open-pit mine were identified.The ecological environment problems mainly include land resource damage,landform landscape damage,mine geological disaster and environmental pollution,and the remote sensing identification method of each problem is determined;(2)The ecological environment monitoring index system supplemented by remote sensing and field survey has been established.In view of the existing mine ecological environment problems and the monitoring indicators extracted by remote sensing methods,from the four aspects of physical geography,geological basis,development area and geological environment,Topography,vegetation coverage,rainfall,regional importance,lithology,geological structure,the main mining methods,the main mining minerals,development intensity,the hidden danger of geological hazard point,degree of difficulty of ecological environment recovery,water resources distribution and so on12 index as the mine ecological environment monitoring index,song county was established in open-pit mine ecological environment monitoring index system;(3)Construction of dynamic monitoring model for the ecological environment of open-pit mines.Taking Xiaonangou as an example,the classification and weight of its monitoring factors were determined,and the comprehensive index method was used to build the dynamic monitoring model of the ecological environment of open pit mine;(4)Verify the established monitoring index system and model.Dianfang mining area was selected as the verification area,and the ecological environment dynamic monitoring model of Dianfang mining area was established,and the ecological environment quality of Dianfang mining area was dynamically monitored.The results showed that the poor and poor areas of ecological environment quality were concentrated in open-pit stope,waste rock yard and dump.The areas with moderate ecological environment quality are distributed around the development activities.The areas with good ecological environment quality and good ecological environment quality accounted for the largest proportion,which were distributed in the areas with almost no human activities.From 2015 to 2020,the ecological environment quality of the mining area has been significantly improved.The results are consistent with the field investigation,which verifies the rationality of the ecological environment monitoring model and index system of Songxian open-pit mine proposed in this paper.