Study On The Environmental Governance Of Freshwater Lakes From The Perspective Of The Relationship Between The Central Government And The Local Government

In recent years,China’s water environment has been deteriorating seriously.Both the river,lake,ocean and other basin water environment and groundwater quality environment have encountered great challenges.At the same time,it also affects human survival and social development,and destroys the stability of the ecosystem.No matter in industry,agriculture or life,compared with the developed countries in the world,the utilization efficiency of our freshwater resources is very low.Freshwater resources for human survival include shallow groundwater,river water and freshwater lake water,among which freshwater lake plays an important role.Freshwater lake is an important part of rivers and lakes.It is an important drinking water resource for human beings.It also enriches the rare resources of animals and plants.At the same time,it is also an important protective barrier to maintain a good ecological environment in China.It plays an irreplaceable role in both human and nature.It is the common survival foundation and source of life for human and nature.In this regard,it is of great significance to select the environmental governance of freshwater lakes as the research object,both for human beings and the ecological environment.On the basis of summarizing and referring to the previous research results of water environment governance,this paper explores a new research path.In the past,most of the researches were conducted from the perspective of horizontal intergovernmental relations.This paper combines the principal-agent theory,intergovernmental relations theory and environmental governance theory,and uses the perspective of vertical intergovernmental relations,that is,central local relations.From the perspective of the relationship between central government and local government,the paper constructs a progressive logical thinking from the four dimensions of rights and responsibilities,interests,objectives and policies through the practical problems reflected in typical cases of environmental protection supervision.It is found that the central and local governments have some problems in the process of environmental governance of freshwater lakes,such as unclear division of water related rights and expenditure responsibilities,different demands for Lake governance interests,and so on The main reasons for these problems are the unreasonable power allocation structure,the conflict between local individual rationality and central collective rationality,the disunity of governance motivation,and the randomness of policy implementation,Then,through clarifying the power and responsibility relationship of central and local freshwater lake environmental governance:promoting the matching of central and local water related power and expenditure responsibility,improving the vertical governance power structure configuration and responsibility allocation,clarifying the responsibility boundary relationship of functional departments,and harmonizing the central and local interest relationship: coordinating the central and local interest relationship to stimulate the local government’s enthusiasm for Lake governance,adjust the interest pattern of local government,strengthen the coordination of the central and local interest relationship To find the overlapping space of the interests of the central government and the local government in Lake governance,we need to straighten out the target relationship of the central government and the local government in Lake Governance: coordinate the target of the central government and the local government in Lake governance,improve the assessment system of the target of freshwater lakes,build the target task system of the environmental governance of freshwater lakes,and coordinate the relationship of Lake policy implementation: strengthen the supervision of the local government in policy implementation,legalize the relationship between the central government and the local government to provide guarantee for policy implementation,strengthen the supervision of the To improve the incentive system to provide power for policy implementation,strengthen the information flow between the central and local governments,and lay the foundation for improving the efficiency and authority of policy,and strive to put forward reasonable and feasible countermeasures and suggestions for the environmental governance of freshwater lakes in China.