| Diabetes is the third largest non-communicable disease after cardiovascular disease and cancer,and it has a variety of complications such as retinopathy,which critically affects people’s health and living standards.The intestinal flora and its associated metabolites play an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes.Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of treating diabetes,and its advantage lies in regulating the overall physical state,not simply lowering blood sugar.Astragalus polysaccharide is the main active ingredient of Chinese medicine astragalus,with antioxidant stress and immunomodulatory and other biological activities.In recent years,it has been used to treat diabetes,good efficacy and small side effects.At present,the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetes by regulating the intestinal flora is not clear,and most of them are studied using animal models.Hence,this project uses the in vitro fermentation model to explain the regulatory effect of astragalus polysaccharide on the intestinal flora of diabetic patients and the effect on the metabolism of the microbiota from the perspective of intestinal microecology,so as to provide more basis for the application of astragalus polysaccharide to the treatment of diabetes.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:1.Astragalus polysaccharides mimic digestion and fermentation in vitro.Astragalus polysaccharides in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion stage(stomach and small intestine)polysaccharide degradation rate of 3.88%,and in vitro simulated fermentation(colon)after the molecular weight significantly smaller,it can be speculated that astragalus polysaccharides are basically not affected by gastrointestinal digestive juices,can enter the colon site by the intestinal flora degradation and utilization.2.Antioxidant aspects of astragalus polysaccharide in vitro fermentation broth.After the treatment of astragalus polysaccharide,the reduction ability of human feces in the in vitro fermentation broth has been significantly improved,and the scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals has not increased significantly in the diabetic group,but the lifting effect is significant in the normal human group,and the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radicals is not significantly improved.Overall,astragalus polysaccharide has a certain ability to enhance the antioxidants of the intestinal microecology.3.Astragalus polysaccharide regulates the gas production aspect of the intestinal flora(fermented in vitro).Astragalus polysaccharides have an effect on the gas production of the human intestinal flora.Astragalus polysaccharides can enhance intestinal gas production in normal and diabetic people,raise the content of carbon dioxide and methane in the intestine,and the effect is more meaningful in diabetics.4.Astragalus polysaccharide regulates aspects of intestinal flora structure.Astragalus polysaccharides can affect the structure of the intestinal flora that ferments in vitro in the feces of normal and diabetic people.At the gate level,astragalus polysaccharides can call back to the level of Pachychophylococcus and Bacteroides phylum in diabetics.At the genus level,astragalus polysaccharides can significantly increase the content of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and other strains in diabetics,and reduce the content of Escherichia-Shigella,Dorea and other strains.And astragalus polysaccharides can jointly regulate Bifidobacterium and Bifidobacterium-longum in normal and diabetic people,and downregulate bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella and Phascolarctobacterium,which is closely related to metabolic pathways such as amino acid biosynthesis,ABC transporters and aminoacyl-t RNA biosynthesis.5.Astragalus polysaccharide coordinates the metabolism aspects of the intestinal flora.Astragalus polysaccharides can strengthen the content of beneficial substances 4-aminobutanoicc acid,L-ornithine,homoserine,citric acid,3-formylindole,and reduce the content of cadaverine,L-proline and putrescine in animal fecal fermentation broth.Astragalus polysaccharides can substantially enhance the output of acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid in diabetics,and can significantly increase the content of total acid,and enhance the acidic production capacity of human intestinal flora during fermentation.Further studies have discovered that astragalus polysaccharides alter a variety of amino acid anabolic pathways,primarily arginine and proline metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism.6.Astragalus polysaccharide coordinates metabolites in terms of anti-glycation.Astragalus polysaccharides,acetic acid,propionic acid and citric acid can inhibit the formation of glycosylation end product S,AGEs,of which citric acid has the strongest inhibition ability,when the concentration of 0.2 mg/m L inhibition rate reaches 33.7%;the four substances in the higher concentration range,can inhibit the reduction of protein hydrophobic structure caused by glycosylation to a certain extent,astragalus polysaccharides,acetic acid,propionic acid can prevent the glycosylation-induced change of the α-helix content And the four substances can better inhibit the formation of amyloid β-crosslinked structure in the glycosylated BSA structure.In general,all four substances have a certain degree of resistance to glycation.In general,astragalus polysaccharides can affect diabetes by regulating intestinal microorganisms and improving host metabolism,specifically astragalus polysaccharides can improve the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,reduce the relative abundance of strains such as Escherichia-Shigella,and increase the beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,4-aminobutyric acid,ornithine,high serine,citric acid,3-formylindole and reduce the production of harmful metabolites such as cadaverine and putrescine,and may affect diabetes by regulating metabolic pathways such as amino acid biosynthesis,aminoacyl-t RNA biosynthesis,etc.,improving anti-glycation,antioxidant capacity,and improving intestinal gas production. |
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