A Study On The Optimization Of Fiscal And Tax Polices To Cope With Carbon Peaking And Carbon Neutrality

The world is now facing the biggest change in a century,and a new round of industrial and technological revolution is emerging.Green economy has become the high point of global industrial competition,and countries are actively seeking new models of green and low-carbon sustainable development.General Secretary Xi Jinping firstly proposed the concept of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality" in his speech at the general debate of the 75 th session of the United Nations General Assembly on 22 September 2020,and he also proposed to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060."The 14 th Five-Year Plan" has set out plans for carbon reduction at the national level,with specific targets and measures,making peak-carbon and carbon-neutral action one of the current and future priorities.Achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality is a major strategic decision based on the responsibility to promote the building of a community of human destiny and the inherent requirement to achieve sustainable development.As one of the "N" policies in the "1+N" policy system,fiscal and tax policies can guarantee the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality through financial guidance and tax regulation.Firstly,this paper explains the background of the study and the current status of scholarly research.The carbon emissions of each region in China are measured using the carbon emission coefficient method,and the current situation of carbon emissions in each province is described from the perspective of both absolute and relative quantities.From the macro level,three fiscal and tax policies are sorted out,including support for clean energy development,green science and technology innovation,and green products.Secondly,from the perspective of revenue and expenditure of fiscal and tax policies,the effect of fiscal expenditure policies and green tax policies on carbon emissions is studied at the empirical level using the Spatial Durbin Model,and its effect on carbon emissions is further investigated using the threshold effect model with the level of R&D as the threshold variable.The empirical results show that,firstly,fiscal expenditure policies have a significant negative inhibitory effect on carbon emissions,and the implementation of fiscal expenditure policies in the region has a more effective effect on the management of carbon emissions.At the same time,it also has a good spatial demonstration effect,which has a significant promotion effect on neighbouring regions to reduce carbon emissions.Secondly,green tax policies may have a "green paradox effect".Thirdly,there is a "single threshold effect" based on the level of R&D for both fiscal expenditure policies and green tax policies on carbon emissions.The explanatory variable is fiscal expenditure policies,and the negative effect of fiscal expenditure policies on carbon emissions will be further enhanced after the R&D level crosses the threshold value of 6.232.The explanatory variable is green tax policies,and the contribution of green tax policies to carbon emissions will gradually diminish after the threshold of 6.393 is crossed.Finally,based on the empirical findings and the problems in the current green fiscal and tax policies,corresponding policy suggestions are put forward,such as increasing the scale of fiscal input to enhance fiscal effectiveness,optimizing green tax policies,establishing a green tax system,improving the green procurement system to promote technological innovation,and integrating fiscal and tax policies content to form policy synergy.