| New energy generation,represented by photovoltaic(PV)power generation,is green,lowcarbon and environmentally friendly,and has continued to develop at a rapid pace under the impetus of the "30·60" dual carbon target.However,there is a great deal of uncertainty in new energy generation such as PV power generation,which to a certain extent limits its development in the electricity market.By participating in the electricity spot market bidding jointly with energy storage,PV power plants can improve their own market competitiveness and also motivate their participation in the market.In addition,as the construction of China’s carbon market enters a new stage of development,the PV-storage system,as an important market player under the carbon emission reduction target,can obtain considerable carbon emission reduction benefits through participation in carbon trading.This paper takes a PV and a storage system as the research object and carries out research on the bidding strategy for the participation of the integrated PV-storage system in the energy-frequency regulation market considering carbon emission reduction benefits.Firstly,the basic structure of the integrated PV-storage system is analysed,and the mathematical model of each component subsystem is established.Based on the analysis of PV power plant output characteristics,a time series model is used to predict PV output,and a large number of scenarios with real PV output characteristics are obtained through Monte Carlo simulation of PV output prediction errors,and a K-means clustering algorithm is used to reduce the scenarios to obtain typical PV output curves,laying a foundation for subsequent research.Secondly,a two-stage bidding strategy is proposed for the participation of the PV-storage system in the electricity energy market considering carbon emission reduction benefits.The carbon reduction benefits of the PV-storage system are quantified as economic indicators and incorporated into the objective function.A two-stage day-ahead and real-time multi-timescale bidding optimisation model is constructed for the PV-storage system to participate in the market,where the day-ahead market takes into account potential real-time energy deviations and the realtime market uses a rolling optimisation method to correct for multiple uncertainties.The results of the analysis show that by allocating energy storage to PV plants,the source of joint system revenue is expanded in many ways;the carbon trading mechanism brings considerable carbon emission reduction benefits to the PV-storage system and effectively improves the system operation economy.Finally,on the basis of the electric energy market,the good frequency regulation performance of the energy storage system is considered,and the market mechanism of the frequency regulation auxiliary service is introduced.A bidding strategy for the PV-storage system to participate in the energy-frequency regulation market based on automatic generation control(AGC)frequency regulation zoning control is proposed.In view of the uncertainty of grid frequency fluctuation,a real-time frequency regulation control method is proposed for the participation of the PV-storage system in AGC,which dynamically allocates the frequency regulation volume undertaken by the PV-storage system according to the control domain in which the regional control deviation is located.A bid optimization model with the objective of maximizing the profit of the PV-storage system is established in the electricity-carbon market environment,and it is verified through example analysis that the strategy not only enables the PV-storage system to effectively participate in the grid frequency regulation response,but also brings significant economic benefits. |
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