A Study On The Restoration Strategies Of Wanshan Mercury Mine Ecological Landscape Based On Habitat Quality

As an important basis for human survival,the mining area covers 69% of the global land surface,damaging the ecological environment of the mining area and surrounding sites,causing a decline in habitat quality and ecological landscape degradation in the mining area.As the third largest mercury mine in the world and the first in Asia,the Wanshan mercury mine has a huge impact on the local ecological environment,and its ecological landscape restoration not only plays an important role in local ecological safety and residents’ health,but also has a pivotal significance to the ecological landscape restoration of the national mercury mine.Based on the theories of landscape ecology and restoration ecology,this thesis uses spatial analysis,habitat quality assessment and field research to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the habitat quality and landscape level of Wanshan mercury mine,and proposes a set of systematic ecological landscape restoration strategies for the ecological problems of Wanshan mercury mine.First,based on literature and field research data,the regional profile and natural landscape elements of the Wanshan mercury mine were analyzed,and the In VEST-Habitat Quality model was used as the basis,and World Cover 2020 land use data were used to select land use types such as construction land and bare land as threat factors,set threat factor parameters,habitat quality on threat The sensitivity and half-saturation constants of the threat factors were set,and the habitat quality index,habitat quality grade,habitat degradation degree and its spatial distribution were derived from the Wanshan mercury mine,summarizing the current situation of the habitat,landscape problems and landscape advantages of the Wanshan mercury mine,and determining the priority areas for landscape restoration.Secondly,based on the results of habitat quality assessment and landscape analysis of Wanshan mercury mine,a landscape restoration framework of "problem-goal-principle-method-strategy" is constructed for the ecological problems to be solved,and landscape restoration goals are established.The four landscape restoration methods are proposed:landscape zoning protection,landscape connectivity optimization,landscape heterogeneity enhancement and dominant species application.Finally,the landscape restoration method is used as a guide to form an ecological landscape restoration design strategy for the Wanshan mercury mine based on habitat quality results and site conditions.At the macroscopic scale,according to the habitat quality distribution and ranking of Wanshan mercury mine,the ecological source sites were determined by using MSPA analysis and Conefor software,the resistance surface of landscape flow was constructed by using Arc GIS software,high-quality patches were selected for protection,and the design strategies for different types of patches were proposed;at the mesoscopic scale,according to the selected landscape protection areas and resistance surfaces,the least cost path method was The ecological corridor of Wanshan mercury mine was constructed,and it was found that the ecological corridor of Wanshan mercury mine was concentrated in the north-south direction,and the design strategy of optimizing the ecological corridor and improving landscape connectivity was proposed;at the microscopic scale,the microtopography and species structure of a single habitat were improved,the landscape heterogeneity was increased,the habitat quality of the site was improved,pioneer species and enrichment species were used,water pollutants were filtered,soil pollutants were adsorbed,and the species The design strategy was applied with the use of pioneer and enrichment species,filtering water pollutants,adsorbing soil pollutants,improving species survival and growth rates,and reconstructing the surface landscape of the mine site,with the focus area of the Punch Foot No.2 tailings pond as a typical representative.This thesis uses quantitative and qualitative research methods,ecological theory and geographic tools to obtain landscape information of Wanshan mercury mine in a more scientific and reasonable way,abandoning the empirical way of mine landscape restoration design,increasing the ecological and aesthetic functions of the mine landscape,and providing design references for the ecological landscape restoration of small and medium-sized mercury mines in China.