Experimental Study On The Effect Of Luggage Type On Pedestrian Movement Characteristics In Stairs

With the intensification of urbanization process,the rapid increase of urban population has brought great pressure to the development of urban infrastructure.The transport hubs,such as railway stations and airports,have frequently emerged the state of dense crowd.Unlike in general built environment,passengers in such transportation hubs usually travel with luggage,the carry-on luggage will not only takes up space around pedestrians,resulting in more crowded pedestrians and affecting the efficiency of traffic,but also lead to physical instability of pedestrians walking in stairs with luggage,which may lead to safety accidents.Therefore,in-depth understanding of the movement characteristics of pedestrians who carry luggage in stairs is of great significance for daily safety management and improvement of traffic efficiency of pedestrians.However,there still lacks data on the movement characteristics of people traveling with luggage,which cannot meet the requirements of pedestrian facility design and safety management.In view of the above problems,considering the characteristics of the movement of pedestrians who carry luggage in stairs in comprehensive transportation hubs,this thesis design a series of pedestrian movement experiment in which pedestrians carry bag or trolley luggage,and then analyze the pedestrian motion features.Firstly,a bag-carrying experiment was designed,considering four different bag loads.Based on the experimental video,the pedestrian trajectories were extracted,and the time-space characteristics and fundamental diagrams of the pedestrian movement were analyzed.It was found that the phenomenon of"stop and go"could be observed as the number of pedestrians increased.It could be seen from the flow density diagram,whenρ<1.3m^-1,there is a positive correlation between flow and density,and whenρ>1.3m^-1,there is a negative correlation between flow and density.It was found that there is no obvious difference in the impact of bag of four different weights on movement characteristics of pedestrians by comparing the time-space diagram and the fundamental diagrams.Based on the above results and considering the experimental scheme comprehensively,a bag load of 3kg was selected to design and carry out experimental studies on the influence of the ratio of pedestrians who carry bag on the movement characteristics of single-file pedestrian in stairs.It was found that for individuals,carrying a bag will significantly affect the males’speed and lateral swing amplitude,but has no obvious effect on females.In a congested state,the speed of pedestrians of the ascending process is affected by density changes more easily than the descending process.From the relationship between distance headway and speed,it was found that in the strong restraint state,as the proportion of pedestrians who carried bag increases,the speed of pedestrians is more sensitive to the change of distance headway for the process of ascending.From the relationship between lateral swing amplitude and speed,it was found that the pedestrian’s lateral swing amplitude has a negative correlation with speed.Similar to the movement experiment of pedestrians carrying bag,this thesis designed an experiment of single-file pedestrian movement carrying trolley luggage in stairs.The experimental procedure was similar to the former design.For an individual,carrying a trolley luggage will not affect the individual’s speed but will significantly affect the individual’s lateral swing amplitude.In the relationship between density and speed,as the proportion of pedestrians who carried trolley luggage increases,the pedestrians become more sensitive to changes in density and change their speeds accordingly.In the relationship between distance headway and speed,as the proportion of pedestrians who carried trolley luggage increases,the minimum distance headway and the minimum free walking distance also tend to increase.For the process of ascending,as the proportion of pedestrians who carried trolley luggage increases,the pedestrians become more and more sensitive to the changes in distance headway.From the relationship between lateral swing amplitude and speed,it was be found that the pedestrian’s lateral swing amplitude has a negative correlation with speed.Finally,by comparing and analyzing the differences in the movement characteristics of pedestrians in stairs with different luggage types,it was found that in the speed distribution characteristics,the free speed of the crowd of pedestrians who carried trolley luggage is the highest during the process of descending.As the proportion of pedestrians who carried luggage increases,the difference between the average speed of the crowd of pedestrians who carried trolley luggage and the average speed of the crowd of pedestrians who carried bag gradually decreases.In the relationship between density and flow,the maximum flow rate could be found when the crowd of pedestrians who carried trolley luggage are descending stairs.At last,in the relationship between speed and distance headway,under the same proportion of carrying luggage,the free speed,minimum headway distance,and minimum free walking distance of the crowd of pedestrians who carried trolley luggage are higher than the corresponding values for the crowd of pedestrians who carried bag.