Research On The Impact Of EPC On Manufacturing/Remanufacturing Production Decisions Of Manufacturers With Financial Constraints Under Different Carbon Policies

In recent decades,the rapid development of the world economy has led to the increasing demand for fossil fuels in human society.The use of fossil fuels has increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and exacerbated climate warming.Climate warming has led to global climate anomalies and caused a series of impacts and injuries to the environment and human society.In response to the climate crisis,155 countries signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992,gradually forming an international cooperation framework for carbon reduction.As a major carbon emitter,China has set the goal of achieving carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060.But,the task of carbon emission reduction has a long way to go.As a mature industry,remanufacturing can achieve dual economic and environmental benefits,so it has received widespread attention in the context of lowcarbon economy.China has been committed to promoting the development of the remanufacturing industry for a long time,and has issued a number of relevant policies,creating a good environment for the development of the remanufacturing industry.With the formulation of carbon emission reduction policies and relevant laws and regulations,manufacturing enterprises must consider the limitation of carbon emissions in their production activities.Energy-saving and emission reduction transformation is an effective measure to reduce carbon emissions.However,emission reduction technology often requires a large amount of investment in advance,which is a serious problem for enterprises with limited funds.The emergence of energy performance contracting(EPC)provides a solution to this problem.Energy performance contracting refers to the energy saving and emission reduction method in which the energy-using unit signs a contract with a third-party energy-saving service enterprise,and the energy-saving service enterprise carries out energy-saving and emission reduction transformation on the energy-using unit,and shares part of the energy-saving benefits to the energy-saving service enterprise after the transformation is completed.It is significantly different from the traditional investment in energy conservation and emission reduction.The manufacturer does not need to pay the technology investment fee in advance under the energy performance contracting,which can effectively relieve the financial pressure of the manufacturer.On the basis of previous research,this article comprehensively considers remanufacturing,contract energy management,and different types of carbon policies,and studies the impact of contract energy management on the production decisions of manufacturers under financial constraints when facing carbon quota and carbon trading policies,carbon tax policies,and a combination of these two policies.Through analysis,some conclusions are drawn.When manufacturers have financial constraints,introducing contract energy management into remanufacturing systems can effectively increase their total product output and profits,but it has no impact on their carbon emissions.When manufacturers do not have financial constraints,the impact of contract energy management on manufacturers’ carbon emissions is related to policies.Under carbon quotas,carbon trading policies,and combined policies,as the carbon trading price increases,the impact of contract energy management on manufacturers’ carbon emissions changes from lower to higher.Under carbon tax policies,as the carbon tax price increases,the impact of contract energy management on manufacturers’ carbon emissions changes from lower to higher.In the end,this article compares the profit change rates of manufacturers after adopting EPC under different carbon policies to determine which carbon policy is more favorable for manufacturers.