| In recent years,with the increasing environmental pollution and the rising demand for sustainable development,research into environmentally friendly surfactants has gradually gained attention.Traditional petroleum-based surfactants have disadvantages such as poor biodegradability and high toxicity.In contrast,vegetable oil-based surfactants are usually derived from natural plants,have a much lower environmental impact during production,and have the advantages of being renewable,biodegradable,have good surface activity,and are stable.In addition,o-phenylphenol is a widely used bactericide and preservative in many products,including cosmetics,pharmaceuticals,food,and cleaning agents.Therefore,studying the solubilization behavior of vegetable oil-based sulfonated beet-based amphoteric surfactants on o-phenylphenol is important for surfactants’green and sustainable development.This study investigated vegetable oil-based sulfobetaine type amphoteric surfactants and vegetable oil-based aminopropyl sulfobetaine（ZHT）for their solubilization behavior and formulation on o-phenylphenol（OPP）in alcoholic aqueous solutions as well as inorganic salt systems.（1）The synthesized vegetable oil-based sulfobetaine amphoteric surfactant ZHT was first subjected to solubilization experiments on o-phenylphenol.The effect of alcohol and inorganic salt/glycerol mixtures on the solubilization was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy.The results showed that the vegetable oil-based betaine surfactant ZHT was effective in solubilizing o-phenylphenol and that alcohol and inorganic salt-glycerol mixtures contributed to the solubilization.The concentration of OPP in 1mol·L-1 n-propanol reached 0.03686 g·L-1,which was about 1.87 times higher than that in aqueous solution;in 11.6 g·L-1 Na Cl and 9.2 g·L-1 glycerol system,the concentration of OPP reached 0.03351 g·L-1,which was about 1.7 times higher than that in aqueous solution.（2）The solubilization behavior of coconut oil fatty acid ethanolamide（YCX）,a vegetable oil-based non-ionic surfactant,and sodium alcohol ether sulphate（JOS）,a vegetable oil-based anionic surfactant,on o-phenylphenol was investigated among traditional surfactants.The test results showed that adding alcohols and inorganic salts enhanced the solubilization of the surfactants.In particular,with the addition of 2mol·L-1 n-propanol and 11.6 g·L-1 Na Cl,and 18.4 g·L-1 glycerol,the concentration of OPP in YCX was 0.05357 g·L-1 and 0.03618 g·L-1,which were 2.27 and 1.54 times higher than in aqueous solution,respectively.The best solubilization was also achieved for JOS with 2 mol·L-1 n-propanol and 11.6 g·L-1 Na Cl and 18.4 g·L-1 glycerol.（3）The solubility of o-phenyl phenol in alcohols and inorganic salts was examined using two surfactant blends,ZHT/YCX and ZHT/JOS.The results showed that at a mixing ratio of 1:9,the ZHT/YCX blend had the best solubilization effect,especially in 2 mol·L-1 ethylene glycol,where the OPP concentration reached 0.06115 g·L-1,which was 1.36 times greater than in the same percentage of an aqueous solution.Finally,when the solubilization effects of the two hybrid systems were compared,it was discovered that the ZHT/JOS hybrid system outperformed the ZHT/YCX hybrid system.（4）The solubilization behavior of two formulation systems of ZHT for o-phenylphenol in different concentrations of hard water was investigated in the context of surfactant applications.The results show that high concentrations of hard water negatively affect the solubilization performance for both formulation systems,with the solubilization capacity decreasing as the concentration of hard water increases.The solubilization behavior of the vegetable oil-based sulfobetaine amphoteric surfactant ZHT on o-phenylphenol was obtained from the above studies.Both the alcohol and inorganic salt/glycerol blends were found to contribute to the solubilization effect.The optimum mixing ratio was 1:9 for both systems,with the ZHT/JOS blend performing better than the ZHT/YCX blend. |
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