Study On Preparation And Properties Of Thiazole Antibacterial Microspheres

In recent years,with the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization,the enrichment of harmful bacteria,viruses,fungi and toxins on the surface of materials has become a new type of environmental pollution problem in the fields of life,medical treatment and agriculture,and seriously affects human health.Among them,the bacterial contamination is the largest microbial contamination in terms of scope,severity and exposure.The principle of development and using of antibacterial materials is to prevent the spread of bacterial pathogens.Traditional antibacterial materials（Ag⁺,quaternary ammonium salt,antibiotics）have significant antibacterial effects,but inevitably bring problems such as bacterial resistance.In order to solve the problem,a series of novel,efficient and anti-drug resistant antibacterial materials were designed and development.Thiazole polymers have attracted much attention due to their unique hydrophobic structural units and excellent antibacterial and anti-drug resistance.In this paper,a series of thiazolyl antibacterial nanospheres with antibacterial activity were designed and prepared by using two common monomers,namely:acrylic acid（ester）and styrene as comonomers,and thiazolyl acrylate（Ac T）as antibacterial unit.In addition,other different types of active components(I₂,Zn²⁺)were introduced to enhance their antibacterial activity and effectively remove bacterial contamination in the environment and the main results are as follows:First,the relationship between antibacterial agents and antibacterial materials is expounded.The antibacterial mechanism and different types of antibacterial materials are introduced.Secondly,the applications of antibacterial materials in different fields are summarized.Finally,the thiazole antibacterial agents and applications are reviewed.Second,Thiazole-zwitterionic polymer nanospheres（TZPNs）were successfully prepared by one-pot emulsion polymerization.Using thiazolyl acrylate（Ac T）as hydrophobic/antibacterial monomer,methacryloylethyl sulfobetaine（SBMA）as hydrophilic/anti-adhesion monomer,benzyl methacrylate（BM）as hydrophobic comonomer,N,N-methylenebisacrylamide（NMBA）as crosslinking monomer,H₂O as reaction medium and KPS as initiator.The morphology and structure of TZPNs were characterized and analyzed by SEM,FT-IR,XPS and DLS.Besides,the antibacterial performance of TZPNs was tested by S.aureus and E.coli as strains.It was found that the inhibition rate of TZPNs could get to 99.9%and the MIC of TZPNs against S.aureus and E.coli was 5.00 mg/m L after 24 h of culture.In addition,the antibacterial mechanism was discussed and Ac T,SBMA were the main reasons for its certain antibacterial properties.Besides,TZPNs were added to coatings,inks and dyes to study their antibacterial activity,thus providing a research basis for obtaining fine chemical materials with high antibacterial properties.Third,Thiazole-based povidone nanospheres（Pc NS）were successfully prepared by one-pot emulsion method.Using Ac T as antibacterial functional monomer,styrene（St）as hydrophobic comonomer,N-vinylpyrrolidone（NVP）as hydrophilic monomer of biocompatibility unit,Et OH/H₂O as solvent and water-soluble KPS as initiator.Then,Pc NS was further iodinated in an alcohol solution of iodine to prepare thiazolyl povidone iodine nanospheres（Pc NSI）.The morphology and structure of Pc NS and Pc NSI were characterized and analyzed by SEM,FT-IR,XPS and DLS.In addition,the antibacterial performance of Pc NSI was evaluated by using S.aureus and E.coli as test strains and the results showed that the MIC of Pc NSI against S.aureus and E.coli was 0.04 mg/m L after 24 h of culture.The persistent antibacterial performance of Pc NSI was investigated,which was found that the inhibition rate of Pc NSI could maintain 99.9%even after more than 7 days.Besides,the antibacterial mechanism was discussed.Pc NSI had an excellent synergistic antibacterial effect between small molecules and copolymers.The antibacterial application of Pc NSI was further investigated,and its effect on bacterial decontamination of water was evaluated.It was found that it had significant application potential in related fields such as water disinfection.Fourth,using Ac T as hydrophobic antibacterial monomer,methyl methacrylate（MMA）as hydrophobic comonomer,2-（dimethylamino）ethyl methacrylate（DMEM）and methacrylic acid（MAA）as comonomers,H₂O as reaction medium and KPS as initiator,the thiazolyl acrylate copolymer nanospheres（Pc MAD）were successfully prepared by one-pot emulsion polymerization.Secondly,a thiazole-bound zinc metal nanospheres（Pc MADZn）containing antibacterial agents Ac T and Zn²⁺were prepared by introducing Zn²⁺into Pc MAD using zinc oxide,ammonium hydroxide and ammonium carbonate.The morphology and structure of Pc MAD and Pc MADZn were characterized by SEM,FT-IR,XPS and DLS.The antibacterial performance of Pc MADZn was evaluated by using S.aureus and E.coli as test strains.The antibacterial performance evaluation showed that the MIC of Pc MADZn against S.aureus and E.coli was 0.40 mg/m L.At a certain concentration,Pc MADZn showed efficient and lasting antibacterial activity,and maintained excellent antibacterial activity after 7 days.The inhibition rate can be maintained at 97.2%.In addition,the antifungal（mold）activity evaluation showed that the inhibition rate of Pc MADZn remained at 99.9%after 7 days in the biochemical incubator.The results showed that Pc MADZn had good antifungal activity.In summary,three kinds of thiazole antibacterial nanospheres with antibacterial activity were prepared by using two kinds of common monomers,namely:acrylic acid（ester）and styrene,as comonomers and thiazole as antibacterial unit.Besides,two kinds of inorganic active centers(I_2,Zn²⁺)were introduced into the acrylic thiazolyl copolymer nanospheres to improve their antibacterial performance,which is expected to be applied in the fields of coating,water treatment and agriculture.It provides a new strategies and methods for the preparation of efficient and durable antibacterial agents.