| Lingonberry is a natural wild berry of rhododendron family,which is rich in anthocyanins and other bioactive substances.Anthocyanins are a water-soluble natural pigment,which belongs to flavonoids,and widely used in the fields of food,medicine and cosmetics because of their strong free radical scavenging ability,antioxidant,anti-aging,prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and other biological activities.In this study,Drosophila melanogaster,a model organism,was used to explore the effects and related mechanisms of anthocyanins ameliorating aging,injuries caused by UV radiation,intestinal inflammation.The specific contents are as follows:(1)Lingonberry anthocyanin delaying the aging progress of Drosophila melanogaster.Three doses of Anthocyanins of 2.5 mg/m L,5 mg/m L and 10 mg/m L were added to the standard culture medium of Drosophila melanogaster to evaluate the life span,sports activity,reproductive ability and antioxidant enzyme activity of Drosophila melanogaster.The results showed that the average life span and maximum life span of male fruit flies in the 5 mg/m L dose group were increased by3.87% and 9.16% respectively compared with those in the control group;the reproductive ability of 10 day old and 25 day old Drosophila melanogaster in the 5mg/m L dose group was 265.64% and 152.76% higher than that in the control group,respectively;the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)in 10 day old male Drosophila melanogaster in 5 mg/m L dose group were 29.81%,29.94%higher than those in the control group and malondialdehyde(MDA)in 10 day old male Drosophila melanogaster in 5 mg/m L dose group were 56.97% lower than that in the control group.Feeding 5 mg/m L anthocyanin can prolong the life span and delay the aging of Drosophila melanogaster,especially in male Drosophila melanogaster.(2)Lingonberry anthocyanins ameliorating the injuries caused by UV radiation.The newly emerged fruit flies were randomly divided into three groups.The blank control group(CTRL-0)fruit flies were fed with standard medium without UV irradiation;The positive control group(CTRL-30)was fed with standard medium and irradiated with UV for 30 minutes after eclosion;Fruit flies in the experimental group(5.0-30)were fed with medium containing 5 mg/m L anthocyanin and irradiated with UV for 30 minutes after eclosion.The life span,fecundity,antioxidant enzyme activity,antioxidant genes and autophagy related genes of Drosophila melanogaster were studied respectively.The results showed that the average life span and maximum life span of Drosophila melanogaster in the experimental group were27.01% and 29.30% higher than those in the positive control group,respectively;the female male ratio of fruit fly offspring in the positive control group was 1.454,and that in the experimental group decreased to 1.036,the number of fruit fly offspring in the experimental group was 26.21% higher than that in the positive control group;the development cycle of fruit fly offspring in the experimental group was 40.66%shorter than that in the positive control group.At the age of 2 days,the activities of SOD and CAT in the experimental group were 14.87% and 33.77% higher than those in the positive control group respectively,at the age of 7 days,the activity of SOD in the experimental group was 23.53% higher than that in the positive control group,and the content of MDA was 41.58% lower than that in the positive control group.The content of ROS in Drosophila adipose body in the experimental group was 58.39%lower than that in the positive control group.Compared with the positive control group,the expression levels of GCL,GST,Nrf2 and SOD genes in Drosophila in the experimental group decreased by 18.02%,61.81%,29.53% and 34.61% respectively,and the expression levels of AMPK,ATG5 and ATG8 a genes decreased by 26.31%,53.17% and 25.58% respectively.5 mg/m L anthocyanin can improve the antioxidant and autophagy of male Drosophila melanogaster,and significantly reduce the effect of UV irradiation on the growth and reproduction of Drosophila melanogaster.(3)Protective effect of Lingonberry anthocyanins on DSS induced intestinal inflammatory injury for Drosophila melanogaster.The newly emerged fruit flies were randomly divided into four groups after feeding in standard medium for five days.The blank control group(CTRL)was put into filter paper soaked in 5% sucrose solution,the experimental group(DSS+ANC)was put into filter paper soaked in 7%DSS + 0.1 mg/m L anthocyanin solution(containing 5% sucrose),and the positive control group(DSS)was put into filter paper soaked in 7% DSS solution(containing5% sucrose),The negative control group(ANC)was placed with filter paper soaked with 0.1 mg/m L anthocyanin solution(containing 5% sucrose).Sterile fruit flies were also divided into four groups according to the above groups,and the filter paper was changed every 12 hours.In normal Drosophila,the average life span,maximum life span and half lethal time of Drosophila in the experimental group were 29.06%,19.38% and 29.20% longer than those in the positive control group respectively,and the average life span,maximum life span and half lethal time of the sterile Drosophila in experimental group were 20.76%,20.79% and 24.86% longer than those in the positive control group respectively.In the positive control group,the intestinal leakage rate of normal and sterile fruit flies was as high as 43% and 35%,while in the experimental group,the intestinal leakage rate of normal and sterile fruit flies was reduced to 25% and 17%.Compared with the positive control group,the intestinal length of normal and sterile Drosophila melanogaster in the experimental group was prolonged by 40.74% and 25.83% respectively,the mortality of intestinal epithelial cells was reduced by 23.74% and 13.63% respectively,and the content of ROS in intestinal epithelial cells was reduced by 25.13% and 38.15% respectively.However,there was no significant difference among the groups in the detection of intestinal microorganisms.Compared with DSS group,the gene expression levels of Nrf2,GSTs and SOD in DSS+ANC group increased by 134.93%,62.65% and141.95% respectively.In addition,compared with DSS group,the content of MDA in DSS+ANC group decreased by 62.15%.The above results suggest that anthocyanins can alleviate DSS induced intestinal inflammation,but the mechanism may be to directly activate the intestinal antioxidant pathway of male Drosophila,while the effect of intestinal microorganisms is not obvious.In conclusion,Lingonberry anthocyanins have the obvious alleviating effects on Drosophila aging,UV irradiation injury and intestinal inflammation.The main action pathway is closely related to the activation of antioxidant pathway in Drosophila.. |
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