The Evolution And Health Assessment Of Wetland Ecosystem In Qinmang River Basin,Henan Province

The wetland ecosystem is one of the ecosystems with the richest biodiversity in nature.The Qinmang River Basin is located in the Yellow River Basin Biodiversity Protection Area,and the health of its wetland ecosystem is directly related to the healthy development of the entire ecosystem.This paper takes the Qinmang River Basin in Henan Province as the research object.Aiming at the ecological problems faced by the wetland ecosystem in the basin,such as the reduction of water area and tidal flat area,the deterioration of the water environment,and the reduction of biodiversity,based on the satellite remote sensing data of the Qinmang River Basin,Field survey results and other data have systematically analyzed the evolution characteristics of the wetland ecosystem in the Qinmang River Basin,determined the driving force for the degradation of the wetland ecosystem,and made a comprehensive evaluation of the health of the wetland ecosystem.Provide basis for wetland management and ecosystem restoration and protection.The main research content and achievements of the thesis are as follows:(1)Based on remote sensing interpretation,the evolution characteristics of the wetland ecosystem in the Qinmang River Basin were revealedUsing multi-temporal remote sensing image data,the vegetation coverage,water area,and landscape types of the Qinmang River Basin were extracted and analyzed.The results showed that from 1992 to 2022,the vegetation coverage was at a higher coverage level and a lower level of high coverage level.The degree of change is relatively large,but generally shows an upward trend;the change trend of water area is similar to the change trend of vegetation coverage;tidal flats in landscape types have a clear trend of reduction,from 359.14 km2 in 1992 to 47.66 km2 in 2022 km2,the area of water bodies increased from 75.88 km2 in 1992 to 265.90km2 in 2022.(2)Explored the driving force of the wetland ecosystem evolution in the Qinmang River BasinBased on the field survey results and collected hydrometeorological data,the driving force of wetland degradation in the Qinmang River Basin was analyzed.The results show that the wetlands in the Qinmang River Basin are mainly affected by natural factors and socioeconomic factors,among which the natural factor with the highest correlation is temperature,with a correlation coefficient of 0.634;the socioeconomic factor with the highest correlation is the total population,with a correlation coefficient of 0.634.The absolute value of is 0.665,and the correlation between urbanization level and wetland change is also very high,with an absolute value of 0.664.The driving force is supplemented by the results of field surveys on surface water quality,sediment status,terrestrial plants,aquatic plants,and soil conditions,so as to provide index references for wetland ecosystem health evaluation.(3)Based on the AHP method,the health evaluation index system was constructed,and the health evaluation of the wetland ecosystem in the Qinmang River Basin was carried outBased on the P-S-R model,an evaluation index system covering 22 indicators for wetland ecosystem health in the Qinmang River Basin was constructed from three levels: pressure(P),state(S),and response(R).Based on this,the AHP-The FCE method evaluates the health status of the wetland ecosystem in the Qinmang River Basin.The results show that the overall evaluation level of the wetland ecosystem health in the Qinmang River Basin is "IV",and the health degree is "poor".The main indicators affecting the health of the ecosystem are: C5(GDP per capita)and C6(human disturbance index)in the pressure layer;C7(water area),C8(tidal flat area),C11(wetland water quality),C18(groundwater quality);in the response layer,C19(wetland management level)and C22(wetland environmental protection investment).(4)According to the research results,put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the protection and restoration of Qinmang River Wetland in a certain period of time in the futureIn view of the poor health of the wetland ecosystem in the Qinmang River Basin,the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for relevant departments: regular evaluation of the health of the wetland ecosystem;clear wetland ecological restoration measures;and improvement of wetland protection policies.