| With the promotion of ecological civilization construction,setting up various types of nature reserves at all levels under the national spatial planning has become an important initiative for ecological civilization construction.As the only pilot national park in Hunan Province,Nanshan National Park encompasses many protected areas,but human interference and changes in the natural environment still affect the development of the national park.Exploring the dynamic change pattern of its landscape pattern and conducting research on its driving force analysis can effectively provide a scientific basis for deepening local conservation and subsequent development,so as to achieve rational use of landscape resources and sustainable development of the ecological environment.This paper mainly takes Nanshan National Park as the research object,takes four periods of remote sensing images in 1990,2000,2010 and 2019 as the data source,uses ENVI,Arc GIS and other technologies to interpret the remote sensing images,uses land use dynamic attitude,land transfer matrix,landscape pattern index,moving window and other methods to explore the dynamic change pattern of landscape pattern in the study area in the past 30 years.The analysis of the driving forces of the dynamic changes in the landscape pattern is combined with principal component analysis and grey correlation,and the relevant conclusions are as follows.(1)During the study period,the land use types in the study area were mainly woodland,with an average area of woodland accounting for 86.86%,followed by grassland,with an average area of 6.71%.Changes in the structure of land use types mainly include an increase in the area of forest land,construction land and water,and a decrease in the area of arable land,other land and grassland,with the area of forest land and construction land showing a continuous increase and forest land always remaining the dominant type.The transformation of land use types during the study period was about 99.47km~2,accounting for 15% of the total area,and the transformation between land types was mainly from grassland to woodland,and from woodland to grassland and arable land,with the most drastic changes occurring between1990 and 2000.(2)During the study period,the dynamics of the landscape pattern in the study area changed significantly but was relatively stable overall.At the type level,the shape of construction land patches became more complex;the fragmentation of other land,construction land and grassland patches increased and tended to be irregularly distributed;the aggregation of woodland patches increased and their contiguity with other patches increased,tending to be concentrated.At the landscape level,the landscape as a whole shows an increase in fragmentation,the dominance of woodland patches and an increase in landscape aggregation.The Shannon Diversity Index decreased from 0.5955 to 0.4918;the Uniformity Index decreased from 0.3323 to 0.2745;the Aggregation Index increased from 93.9864 to 97.4329;and the Maximum Patch Index increased from 81.2542 to 83.79.Thanks to policies such as afforestation and ecological restoration,the landscape as a whole has become more dominant,more resistant to disturbance,and the landscape pattern has become more stable.The landscape pattern is becoming more and more stable.(3)According to the results of principal component analysis and grey correlation,natural and social factors jointly influence the change of landscape pattern.The study found that social factors such as GDP,population size and timber harvesting are the key drivers of landscape pattern distribution and change,and are the main drivers of changes in the structure of builtup land,water areas and woodlands within a short period of time.Natural factors such as precipitation and sunshine are important drivers of change in landscape patterns,and are secondary drivers of change in the structure of grassland and watersheds over long periods of time. |
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