Poling Technology Of Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics

Piezoelectric materials are functional materials capable of converting mechanical energy to electrical energy.The piezoelectric ceramic binary lead zirconate titanate（PZT）is made up of ferroelectric Pb Ti O₃ and antiferroelectric Pb Zr O₃ in an ABO₃ perovskite materials.PZT ceramics has gained a lot of attention because of its high Curie temperature,high dielectric constant,and remarkable piezoelectricity performance.Currently,it were used as the most frequently utilized functional materials in the field of piezoelectric ceramics in industry,science,medical,transportation,communication,and information technology.PZT ceramics with high performance have become a research hotspot to meet a variety of manufacturing research objectives.There are a variety of strategies for increasing the properties of PZT ceramics,and polarization is one of the most effective tools for doing so.When the PZT ceramic is not polarized,the internal domains are chaotic,and it is in an isotropic state with no piezoelectric properties.The orientations of the internal electrical domains of the ceramics tend to remain constant after polarization,and the original isotropy of the ceramic samples is broken,resulting in anisotropy,therefore the ceramics’piezoelectric characteristics are considerably improved after polarization.The majority of the properties of piezoelectric ceramics are determined by the polarization process.The most common polarization methods are direct current poling（DCP）,alternating current poling（ACP）,and pulse poling（PP）.In this study,DCP,PP,ACP,and ACP+DCP are all discussed.First,the impacts of DCP,ACP,and ACP+DCP on ceramic characteristics for PZT ceramics（PZT-4,PZT-5A,PZT-5H）of various types and manufacturers were investigated in this article.According to the findings,the piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ of PZT-4 ceramic samples after ACP+DCP can reach 350 p C/N,which is greater than that of DCP（305 p C/N）and ACP（320 p C/N）.The piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ of the PZT-5H ceramic sample after ACP+DCP can reach 715 p C/N,which is 10%higher than DCP（650 p C/N）and ACP（670 p C/N）,respectively.The piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ of the PZT-5A ceramic sample treated with ACP+DCP is 560 p C/N at room temperature,which is 4%higher than that of the ACP treated sample（540 p C/N）and higher than that of the DCP treated sample.The sample（450 p C/N）was 24%higher.The effects of DCP,ACP,and ACP+DCP on the properties of PZT ceramics of various types and manufacturers were investigated and compared,and it was discovered that ACP+DCP is a method that can considerably improve the properties of PZT ceramics and has a wide range of practical applications.The effect of PP on the properties of PZT-5H ceramics is also investigated in this work,as well as the differences in the properties of PZT-5H ceramics after DCP,ACP,and PP.The experimental results demonstrate that when the pulse polarization settings are20 k V/cm,16 cycles,and the peak time is 0.08 s,the performance of the PZT-5H ceramic sample is at its best(d₃₃=685 p C/N).When the characteristics of PZT-5H ceramics after DCP,ACP,and PP were compared,the piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ of the PZT-5H ceramics was 680 p C/N using PP,which is 1.5%higher than the ACP-treated sample（670p C/N）and 5%higher than the DCP-treated sample（650 p C/N）.As can be shown,PP is a useful polarization strategy for improving sample performance.