Design And Experimental Research Of A Gradual Spiral Structure Food Waste Disposal Equipment

With the rapid development of science and technology,people’s living standards have been improved,and the accompanying food and kitchen waste has also grown exponentially.In the past,faced with the hazards brought by kitchen waste,both domestically and internationally,traditional methods such as landfill and incineration were mostly used.However,for a long time,there was a lack of scientific and standardized treatment,leading to the breeding of mosquitoes and flies,air pollution,and endangering physical health.At present,various types of kitchen waste processors are emerging,with functions such as crushing,squeezing,and cleaning.However,due to their single function,low efficiency,and unsatisfactory treatment results,they cannot effectively treat the current kitchen waste.Therefore,in response to the shortcomings of current kitchen waste processors,a gradual spiral structure kitchen waste processor that integrates crushing,spiral extrusion,oil-water separation,and automatic control is designed.The main research content is as follows:Compare the core solid-liquid separation device and oil-water separation device of the gradient spiral structure kitchen waste processor,select the spiral extrusion method for solid-liquid separation,and the combination of disc oil-water separator and air flotation method for oil-water separation.Design the entire machine and use Creo software to draw a 3D model diagram.Conduct force and theoretical analysis on the core component of the solid-liquid separation device,the spiral shaft,and structural design of the key components of the equipment.The spiral type is linear pitch variable diameter,with a spiral blade diameter of 100 mm,a spiral blade diameter thickness of 8mm,a linear variation of50-10 mm pitch,a spiral angle of 9 °,a spiral shaft diameter of 35 mm for the conveying section,and a linear variation of 35-94 mm for the extrusion section,The shaft diameter of the discharge section can be taken as 94 mm.The finite element simulation of the spiral shaft was conducted using Ansys software.The stress and strain on the spiral shaft were much smaller than the maximum stress and strain that the material could withstand.The design of the spiral shaft met the material strength requirements and verified the reliability of the spiral shaft structure;The structure of the screen was designed with a mesh size of 5mm and an inner diameter of 102 mm.By optimizing the structure of the oil-water separation device to improve the oilwater separation efficiency,fluent software is used to conduct fluid simulation analysis on the oil-water separation device,and an oil baffle structure is added inside the device to change the flow direction and aggregation of oil to improve the oil-water separation efficiency.Calculate the air capacity of the air floater,and select reasonable types of disc type oil-water separators and aeration pipes with high requirements.The frequency to speed conversion of the frequency converter was carried out,and the speed range was 0-220r/min,providing a basis for selecting the subsequent speed level.Control programs were written using PLC for simulation and debugging of each device,and the interface design of the touch screen was carried out.In order to verify the effectiveness of the gradient spiral shaft,a discrete element simulation experiment was conducted to compare the gradient spiral shaft with the equiaxed spiral shaft.It was found that the average speed and force of the gradient spiral shaft were greater than those of the equiaxed spiral shaft,and the effect of the gradient spiral shaft was better than that of the equiaxed spiral shaft;And a prototype test was conducted on the gradient spiral shaft,and the average material dehydration rate obtained did not meet the requirements.Therefore,the structural parameters of the gradient spiral shaft were optimized.By analyzing the range of orthogonal experimental results,the optimized structural combination parameters were obtained:the extrusion distance of the spiral shaft is 180 mm,the diameter of the extrusion end of the spiral shaft is 96 mm,and the diameter of the spiral blade is 97mm;EDEM discrete element simulation analysis was conducted on the optimal structural parameter scheme,and it was found that the force range at the discharge port of the solid-liquid separation device is 2.7-4.5N,with an average force of 3N,a discharge speed range of 1.3-4.7m/s,and an average speed of 3m/s.Through crushing experiments on the crushing device,it was found that the length of the crushed residue was less than 4mm,which reached the expected value;In order to verify the effect of the optimized gradient spiral shaft,a single factor prototype experiment was conducted to obtain the influence of various factors on the experimental results under different parameter values.Through multiple factor experiments and regression analysis of experimental results,analysis of variance,response surface and contour analysis,it was found that the significance level was feeding speed A>sieve hole C>spiral shaft speed B.The optimized combination parameters were feeding speed 2.3kg/min,spiral speed 154.2r/min,and sieve hole3.9mm.And through prototype testing,it was verified that the actual material dehydration rate is 84%,and the difference between the actual material dehydration rate and the predicted material dehydration rate is small;The prototype test of the oilwater separation device was conducted,and the average oil-water separation rate was found to be about 85%.The equipment achieved the expected results in all tests.