Spatial Analysis Of Accessibility And Equity Of Health Care And Elderly Care Institutions Based On Web Map Service In Jinan City

BackgroundNowadays,the health care system and elder care resources are distributed in an unequal way across China,which fails to satisfy the health need of urban and rural residents.Meanwhile,due to the growing of aging population and changes in mobility and giving birth,the minimum family structure and the difficulty in taking care of elders who are left alone play out gradually,and people’s need for health care and elder care institutions has been continuously growing.Therefore,with a view to respond to the development requirements and political guidance in the new era,it is of great important to improve the accessibility and equity of health care and elder care service.ObjectivesThe research aims to evaluate the situations of the spatial accessibility and equity of health care and elderly care institutions in Jinan city in a directly manner,in order to provide relevant departments with scientific research practices to improve the spatial arrangement of health care and elderly care institutions including conditions for residents,and also serve as reference for relevant academic research in the future.MethodsFirstly,the research chooses the object,theories and methods mainly through literature review.Then the research collects relevant statistics mainly based on web map service,Worldpop,Arcmap 10.8,and Python.And,based on different research scales and ways of transportation,the research employs isochronal circle analysis,spatial interpolation analysis,Lorenz curve,Gini index,bivariate equivalent region method and other methods to analyze the space accessibility and equity of different health care and elderly care institutions.At last,scientific and reasonable political suggestions are proposed according to the comprehensive analyze results.Results(1)The population,secondary and above hospitals,primary health care institutions and elderly care institutions in Jinan are mainly concentrated in Lixia district,Shizhong district,Huaiyin district and Tianqiao district,while the population density of other districts is relatively small,health care and elderly care institutions are also relatively few which are scattered in various towns and streets.The population density of Lixia district is 6334 people/ha,and the population density of Shizhong district,Huaiyin district and Tianqiao district is about 2000 people/ha,while the population density of other districts is less than 1000 people/ha.(2)Compared with other districts,the average time of driving,taking bus and walking to secondary or above hospitals,primary health care institutions and elderly care institutions is significantly less in Lixia district,Licheng district,Shizhong district,Huaiyin district and Tianqiao district,and the accessibility level of those is greatly higher.(3)Most residential areas in Lixia district,Licheng district,Shizhong district,Huaiyin district and Tianqiao district are within the 20-minute isochronic circle or even 10-minute isochronic circle by driving,taking bus and walking to secondary or above hospitals,primary health care institutions and elderly care institutions.The cost of the shortest commuting time is significantly lower than that of other districts,and their accessibility is satisfying.(4)As for driving to secondary and above hospitals,primary health care institutions and elderly care institutions,the residential areas where the shortest time is less than 15 minutes account for a large proportion,of which the rates are 70%,92%and 63%respectively;the residential areas where the shortest time is more than 30 minutes account for the smallest proportion,of which the rates are 7%,1%and 11%respectively.As for taking bus to secondary and above hospitals,primary health care institutions and elderly care institutions,the residential areas where the shortest time is more than 30 minutes account for 54%,42%and 63%respectively,and the residential areas where the shortest time is less than or equal to 15 minutes account for 5%,6%and 2%respectively.As for walking to secondary and above hospitals,primary health care institutions and elderly care institutions,the gap among the costs of shortest time is relatively big.Among them,residential areas where the shortest time to secondary or above hospital and elderly care institutions is more than 120 minutes account for the largest proportion,of which the rates are 29%and 32%respectively.(5)Under different research scales,the order of Gini index of the accessibility is consistent based on different ways of transportation and different health care and elderly care institutions,and the numbers are mostly distributed between 0.4 and 0.59.The Gini index of the accessibility of the secondary and above hospitals rank the highest,and the Gini index by walking is the highest,0.623 based on the scale of rural streets and 0.570 based on the scale of residential areas,which are both far higher than 0.4,while the Gini index of the accessibility of primary health care institutions and elderly care institutions is relatively low yet close to each other.Conclusions and SuggestionsConclusions:(1)The secondary and above hospitals,primary health care institutions and elderly care institutions mainly lie in Lixia district,Licheng district,Shizhong district,Huaiyin district and Tianqiao district,of which the accessibility levels are relatively high compared to those of other districts;(2)The accessibility level of driving,taking bus,and walking to secondary and above hospitals and elderly care institutions is obviously lower than that of primary health care institutions;(3)The equity level of the distribution of secondary and above hospitals,primary health care institutions,and elderly care institutions is relatively low,among which the equity level of the distribution of secondary and above hospitals is the lowest,while the equity level of primary health care institutions and elderly care institutions is relatively high and close to each other.Suggestions:On one hand,the priority should be given to the rural street areas with high population density yet low accessibility level of health care and elderly care institutions by investing in adding institutions;on the other hand,the service ability of elderly care institutions and especially secondary hospitals is expected to be improved to strengthen the cultivation of specialized talents.