Investigation On Presbycusis And Preventive Measures Of Community Residents In Zunyi

Objective: To investigate the hearing loss of the elderly population in Zunyi City,to understand the incidence and related risk factors of presbycusis in Zunyi City,and to lay a foundation for further development of the prevention and treatment of presbycusis,and to further clarify the prevention and treatment strategies suitable for presbycusis in Zunyi City.Methods: A stratified and cluster probability sampling survey was conducted among the elderly over 60 years old who lived in Zunyi for more than 5 years.Six communities in three urban areas of Zunyi City and six administrative villages in different counties under their jurisdiction were selected.The personal information such as gender,age,education,and dietary habits was collected from the residents aged ≥ 60 years by questionnaire and household survey,and blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipids and other indicators were recorded,blood biochemical indicators and pure tone audiometry were performed.Finally,the prevalence and related risk factors of presbycusis in Zunyi City were analyzed and summarized.Results: A total of 1018 valid data were collected in this survey.A total of 369 presbycusis with varying degrees of hearing loss were examined,with an overall prevalence of 36.2%(369/1018).Among them,186(18.3%)had mild hearing loss;109(10.7%)had moderate hearing loss;23(2.3%)had moderate to severe hearing loss;37(3.6%)had severe hearing loss,8(0.8%)had very severe hearing loss,and 6(0.6%)had total deafness.The prevalence of hearing disability was 18.1%(184/1018).The prevalence was 41.6%(197/473)in males and 31.6%(172/545)in females,and the prevalence was higher in males than in females;the prevalence of presbycusis was 27.0%(132/488)in 60-69 years old,34.4%(132/384)in 70-79 years old,and 71.9%(105/146)in 80 years old and above;the prevalence was higher in hyperlipidemia group(43.8%)than in normolipidemia group(33.7%);the prevalence was higher in hypertension group(40.3%)than in normotensive group(32.7%),and higher in smoking group(31.5%)than in non-smoking group(47.1%);the prevalence was higher in drinking group(49.8%)than in non-drinking group(31.3%),and the above differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05).Univariate analysis showed that there were significant relationships between gender,age,blood pressure,blood lipids,smoking,and alcohol consumption and the prevalence of presbycusis(P <0.05);there were no significant differences between blood glucose,education level,marriage,and living environment and whether the respondents suffered from presbycusis.The dependent variable was set to have presbycusis,and logistic binary regression analysis was performed with different age,gender,smoking,alcohol consumption,normal lipid profile,and normal blood pressure as independent variables.The results showed that advanced age(OR,2.356;95% CI,1.942 – 2.858),hyperlipidemia(OR,1.386;95% CI,1.012 – 1.896);smoking(OR,1.636;95% CI,1.140 – 2.348),alcohol consumption(OR,1.985;95% CI,1.426 – 2.764),and hypertension(OR,1.379;95% CI,1.046 – 1.818)were risk factors for presbycusis.Conclusion: 1.The prevalence of presbycusis was 36.2% in the elderly population in Zunyi City,and the prevalence of presbycusis was higher in males than in females(41.6% in males and 31.6% in females).The prevalence of hearing disability due to presbycusis was 18.1%.2.Mild deafness and moderate deafness are the main causes of presbycusis in Zunyi City.The incidence increases with age.The more severe the hearing loss.3.The main risk factors affecting the occurrence of presbycusis in Zunyi City are: age,smoking and drinking,suffering from hypertension and hyperlipidemia.