Research On Occupational Health Risk Assessment And Management Countermeasures In The Printing Industry

Due to the rapid development of industrialized society,the number of occupational diseases in the world is large and increasing year by year,and the current occupational health situation is not optimistic.China has long been the country with the largest occupational population in the world,and occupational health problems still face many challenges.By the end of 2020,according to the data from the National Health Commission,more than 200 million workers in China have been exposed to occupational disease hazards,and the cumulative number of occupational disease patients reported nationwide has reached one million.Occupational health risk assessment and occupational health management have become important topics that enterprises in any industry cannot avoid.With the advent of the information and digital age,printing and copying equipment is widely used in daily work and life,and the printing room has become one of the most common indoor places.Harmful factors such as fine particulate matter,ozone,and volatile organic compounds in the printing room may cause health risks such as respiratory infections in occupational groups,but the health risks faced by the practitioners of the printing room are rarely concerned,so it is necessary to carry out occupational health risk evaluation and management countermeasures for the staff of the printing room.In this thesis,8 printing rooms in and around a university in Wuhan were selected as research objects,and the main occupational disease hazard factors identified as noise,PM2.5,ozone,formaldehyde,total volatile organic compounds(TVOC),and benzene were identified according to the results of literature surveys,and on-site testing,sample collection,and laboratory analysis were carried out according to China’s occupational health-related standards,and the obtained data was compared with the contact limits.Firstly,the US Environmental Protection Agency’s inhalation risk assessment model and occupational disease hazard classification method were used to initially analyze the degree of harm of occupational disease hazard factors.Subsequently,for the inhalation risk assessment model,the Monte Carlo simulation calculation method was introduced to assess the probability of occupational health,and for the classification method of occupational disease hazard operation,the entropy weight theory and the set pair analysis theory were introduced to construct a comprehensive model for the comprehensive risk assessment of occupational health.Finally,based on the evaluation results,targeted and effective occupational disease prevention and treatment countermeasures and occupational health management suggestions were proposed.The results of the study show that:(1)Compared with the relevant standards of harmful factors in various occupations in China,regarding noise,8 printing rooms had not exceeded the occupational contact limit standard,but compared with the sound environment quality standards,the exceeding rate was 87.5%;about PM2.5,the probability of PM2.5 air quality index in the printing room was 25%,25% was mild pollution,12.5% was moderate pollution,25% was severe pollution,12.5% was serious pollution;about ozone,formaldehyde,and ethylbenzene,there was no over-standard phenomenon;about TVOC and benzene,The rate of exceedance was 100%,and with regard to toluene and xylene,the rate of exceeding the standard was 75%.(2)According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency model,the results showed that there were more significant occupational health risks in the exposure of employees to these four pollutants for formaldehyde,benzene,ethylbenzene,and xylene;for ozone and toluene,there was no significant occupational health risk for employees in the printing room who were exposed to these two pollutants.(3)According to the classification method of occupational disease hazard operation in the workplace,the classification results of noise occupational disease hazard operations in 8printing rooms were all relatively harmless operations of level 0.Ozone,formaldehyde,and ethylbenzene belong to the level 0 relatively harmless operation;regarding TVOC and benzene,except for S4 for class I mild hazard operations,the rest of the printing rooms were level II moderate hazard operations;for toluene,except for S5 and S8 for 0 relatively harmless operations,the rest of the printing rooms were level II moderate hazard operations;for xylene,except for S2 for grade III severe hazard operations,S5 and S8 for grade 0relatively harmless operations,the rest of the printing rooms were grade II moderate hazard operations.(4)According to the Monte Carlo probabilistic health risk assessment model,the probability of the carcinogenic risk value exceeding the critical value was greater than 80%for the practitioners in the printing room to be exposed to formaldehyde,benzene,and ethylbenzene;the probability that the non-carcinogenic risk value of the occupational population was exposed to benzene was greater than 80%,and the probability that the noncarcinogenic risk value of the occupational population was exposed to xylene exceeds the critical value was greater than 60%.The results of the parameter sensitivity analysis showed that the concentration of pollutants had a significant impact on the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risks of humans,so effective interventions should be taken mainly from the perspective of pollutant concentrations to control health risks.(5)According to the comprehensive occupational health risk assessment model,the occupational health risks of noise,ozone,and formaldehyde were judged to be grade I negligible risks;toluene and xylene were grade II low risks;PM2.5,TVOC,and benzene were grade III moderate risks.Regarding the printing room,in addition to the S5 of the printing room being a level II low risk,the remaining 7 printing rooms were all level III medium risk;for the overall printing room,the accounting result was level III medium risk;about the weight of occupational harmful factor indicators,noise,The corresponding weights of PM2.5,ozone,formaldehyde,TVOC,benzene,toluene,and xylene were 0.11289,0.13206,0.10581,0.10954,0.12012,0.17130,0.14693,0.10135,respectively.It could be seen that priority needs to be paid to the exposure risk of benzene in the printing room practitioners,followed by the exposure risk of toluene,PM2.5,TVOC,noise,formaldehyde,ozone,and xylene.(6)Based on the results of the occupational health risk assessment of the printing room,effective occupational hazard prevention and control countermeasures and occupational health management measures were proposed,including controlling the key occupational disease hazard factors in the printing room,improving the occupational hygiene protection of the printing room,and carrying out publicity and education on the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases.