Correlation Analysis Between Phlegm-heat Pathology And Smoking In Patients With Cerebral Infarction

Objective:The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation between phlegm-heat pathology and smoking in cerebral infarction.Particularly,the correlation between phlegm-heat scores and different smoking durations in patients with cerebral infarction was explored mainly through clinical studies.Meanwhile,the pathological mechanism of smoking-induced “Heat Burning Veins”was initially explored by conducting animal experiments to observe the effects of passive smoking on serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)in rats.This will provide a preliminary clinical and experimental reference to explore the etiology of smoking and the preventive treatment of smoking-induced infarction in cerebral infarction lesions.Methods:In the clinical study part,case inclusion criteria,exclusion criteria,and rejection criteria were initially developed to determine the grouping method,and then patients with cerebral infarction in different groups(non-smoking control group,smoking for a short time group,and smoking for a long time group)who met the conditions of the case study were collected.The phlegm-heat scores were measured by the developed phlegm-heat scoring scale,and then the scoring data were counted to analyze the differences between groups under the influence of smoking factors.In the animal experimental study,9 healthy male SD rats(body mass 200g±20g,6-8 weeks old)were selected and randomly divided into smoking long time group(n=3),smoking short time group(n=3),and non-smoking control group(n=3),and then the rats were subjected to passive smoking intervention.The rats in the short and long time smoking groups were subjected to passive smoking for different duration,while the non-smoking control group was housed in the same apparatus and given air exposure.The effect of passive smoking on serum hs-CRP,IL-6 and MMP-9 was observed.After collating the experimental data,the differences in serum hs-CRP,IL-6,and MMP-9 levels in different groups under the influence of passive smoking factors were analyzed.The study data were statistically analyzed utilizing SPSS 24.0 statistical software.Results:1.After statistical analysis of data on phlegm syndrome scores of cerebral infarction patients in different smoking duration groups,there was a significant difference in overall comparison by one-way ANOVA(F =64.67,P < 0.01).After post hoc comparison,there was a significant difference between all groups.The phlegm syndrome scores presented as smoking short time group < non-smoking control group < smoking long time group.2.After the data of heat-syndrome scores of cerebral infarction patients in different smoking duration groups were counted,there was a significant difference in the overall comparison by one-way ANOVA(F = 90.03,P < 0.01).After post hoc comparison,there was a significant difference between all groups.The heat-syndrome scores presented as non-smoking control group < smoking for a short time group < smoking for a long time group.3.After counting the data of serum hs-CRP levels in rats of different smoking duration groups,a one-way ANOVA with F = 5.48 and P < 0.05 showed a difference in the overall comparison.Post hoc comparison revealed that serum hs-CRP levels in rats were lower in the smoking long duration group than in the non-smoking control group and the smoking short time group,but there was no significant difference between the non-smoking control group and the smoking short time group.4.After counting the data of serum IL-6 levels in rats in different smoking duration groups,the overall comparison was different by one-way ANOVA with F = 8.27 and P < 0.05.Post hoc comparisons revealed that serum IL-6 levels in rats were higher in the smoking long duration group than in the non-smoking control group and the smoking short duration group,but there was no significant difference between the non-smoking control group and the smoking short duration group.5.After counting the data of serum MMP-9 levels in rats in different smoking duration groups,the overall comparison was different by one-way ANOVA with F = 5.73 and P < 0.05.Post hoc comparisons revealed that serum MMP-9 levels in rats were higher in the smoking long duration group than in the non-smoking control and smoking short duration groups,but there was no significant difference between the non-smoking control and smoking short duration groups.Conclusion:1.limited duration of smoking can reduce phlegm-syndrome score in cerebral infarction patients,and limited duration of passive smoking can reduce serum hs-CRP level in rats.This suggests that there may be some medicinal value components in tobacco,which to some extent corroborates the preceding medical theory that tobacco can treat stagnant qi and achieve the retention of phlegm,and additionally explains the warm-pungent nature of tobacco.Short-term use has certain cold-removing and phlegm-removing effects.However,the results of this experiment may also be related to the small sample size of the study,hence further experimental and clinical studies on the medicinal value of tobacco are needed.2.Long-term smoking can lead to an increase in phlegm-syndrome score in patients with cerebral infarction,while the relationship between heat-syndrome scores and the length of smoking in patients with cerebral infarction presented a positive correlation.The longer the duration of smoking,the higher the heat-syndrome score,which illustrates the fire-heat property of smoking etiology from the perspective of examining the cause of the disease.At the same time,it also reflects that long-term smoking can cause damage to liquid,wear on humor and transformation into phlegm,leading to the internal growth of phlegm-heat.3.Animal experimental studies found that passive smoking can lead to an increase in serum IL-6 and MMP-9 levels in rats.This may be part of the pathological mechanism by which smoking causes heat to burn the veins and contribute to atherosclerotic lesions,which in turn leads to cerebral infarction.Thus,in the prophylactic treatment of cerebral infarct lesions,especially in the treatment of atherosclerosis,in patients with a clear cause of smoking,the macroscopic evidence of heat-syndrome can be supplemented by microscopic evidence with some reference to serum IL-6 and MMP-9 levels.This can make up for the insufficient parameters of macroscopic dialectic,take advantage of the objectivity of microscopic dialectic and the holistic nature of macroscopic dialectic,and optimize the accuracy of dialectic.