Evaluation The Carotid Artery Elasticity In The Offspring Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients By RF-data Based Quantitative Analysis On Vessel Stiffness

Background and Objective:As the incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)continues to increase,Asia has emerged as the major area with a rapidly developing T2 DM epidemic.China and India are the top two epicentres of the global epidemic of T2 DM.Most patients with T2 DM have at least one complication,and cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients.Various genetic and environmental factors can result in the progressive loss of B-cell mass,the insulin resistance and the reduction of insulin release.Family investigation found that the probability of diabetes in the offspring of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were about 40%.If parents both had diabetes,the risk rose to 70%,compared with about 6 % for the offspring of the general population.The offspring of T2 DM show a higher risk of insulin resistance in adolescence,the process of atherosclerosis has occurred in the phase of insulin resistance,thus resulting in advanced cardiovascular complications.Therefore,in this study,Real-time intima-media thickness(RIMT)and RF-data based quantitative analysis on vessel stiffness(R-VQS)were employed to evaluate common carotid intima-media thickness(IMT),displacement(Dist),diameter(Diam),hardness coefficient(HC)and pulse wave velocity(PWV).The differences among the groups were compared.Methods:We consecutively selected 90 cases offspring of patients with T2 DM who received treatment in the Department of Endocrinology of a hospital in Henan from October 2020 to June 2021 and were designated as offspring of T2 DM patients group.According to whether father or mother had T2 DM,they were divided into three groups: 31 cases of father with T2 DM group(F group),31 cases of mother with T2 DM group(M group)and 28 cases of both father and mother with T2 DM group(B group).Age,sex and BMI matched 30 cases of controls(control group)without any history and family history of diabetes,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,hypertension,hyperlipidemia and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in their parents designated as control group were taken for comparison.Exclusion criteria for four groups were as follows:(1)smoking,alcohol drinking;(2)having history of cardiovascular,cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular disease;(3)history of hyperlipidemia,hypertension or thyroid disorder;(4)chronic hepatic,renal,or any other serious chronic medical illness;(5)history of intake of any kind of medications known to affect carbohydrate or lipid metabolism;(6)pregnant and lactating women.Recorded the general datas and laboratory parameters,including age,sex,height,weight,body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglycerides,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,fasting blood glucose,plasma glucose of 2 hours post glucose-load.Carotid artery ultrasonic parameter collection: Carotid artery parameters were measured by RIMT and R-VQS technique,including IMT,Diam,Dist,PWV and HC.Results:1.General data comparison: Compared with the control group,age,sex,height,weight,BMI,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglycerides,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,fasting blood glucose,plasma glucose of 2 hours post glucose-load showed no statistical significance among the four groups(P>0.05).2.Carotid artery parameters comparison:(1)There was no statistical significance in Diam of the four groups(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the IMT,PWV and HC in the offspring of T2 DM patients were increased,while Dist was decreased(P<0.05).(2)Pair comparison of the offspring of T2 DM patients: the IMT,PWV and HC in B group were higher than F and M group,and Dist was lower than F and M group(P<0.05).The PWV and HC in M group were higher than F group,and Dist was lower than F group(P<0.05),There was no statistical significance in IMT between the F and M group(P>0.05)Conclusions:Carotid artery stiffness in the offsping of T2 DM patients are significantly higher than the control group.In the three groups whose parents had T2 DM,carotid elasticity decreased most serious in B group,M group took the second place,while the F group was the least.