Iisolation Of Saponins From Flower Buds Of American Ginseng And Analysis Of Their Differences With Other Parts

American ginseng(Panax quinquefolium L.)is a Panax plant of Araliaceae.It has been used in China for more than 200 years.In order to make rational development and utilization of this precious resource and develop new medicinal parts of American ginseng,the chemical components of American ginseng were systematically studied in this paper.The research of scholars in recent years showed that its aboveground parts also had medicinal value.In particular,the content of total saponins in flower buds of American ginseng is significantly higher than that in other parts of American ginseng,and the content of Rb3 is the highest.However,in daily production and life,American ginseng is often treated by bud picking,and the picked flower buds are often directly transformed into low-value primary processed products or discarded,resulting in serious waste of resources.Therefore,on the basis of summarizing the research progress of chemical components of above ground parts of American ginseng,this paper systematically extracts,separates and identifies the chemical components of fresh flower buds of American ginseng by silica gel column chromatography,reversed-phase column chromatography and medium pressure reversed-phase preparative chromatography,and analyzes the saponin components of different parts of flower buds of American ginseng and plants based on UHPLC Orbitrap Ms.1.Isolation of saponins from flower buds of American ginsengIn this chapter,silica gel column chromatography,reversed-phase column chromatography and medium pressure reversed-phase preparative chromatography were used to separate,purify and identify the 80% methanol extract of fresh flower buds of American ginseng.Through its physical and chemical properties and spectral data,18 saponin monomers were identified,including floralginsenoside A(1),floralginsenoside B(2),quinquenoside III(3),pseudoginsenoside F11(4),ginsenoside Re(5),ginsenoside Rd(6),ginsenoside Rg1(7),pseudoginsenoside RT5(8),ginsenoside Rc(9)ginsenoside Rg2(10),ginsenoside Rb1(11),ginsenoside Rh1(12),ginsenoside Rb2(13),ginsenoside Rb3(14),chikusetsusaponin Ⅳa(15),ginsenoside Rh4(16),ginsenoside Rg3(17),ginsenoside F2(18).Compounds 1,2 and 16 were obtained from American ginseng for the first time,and compound 15 was obtained from flower buds of American ginseng for the first time.2.Analysis of saponins in flower buds and other parts of American ginsengThe research shows that the aboveground and underground parts of American ginseng are rich in ginsenosides.Compared with the root part,the research on flower buds is relatively less,and the difference analysis between flower buds and saponins in other parts is less.In this chapter,the saponins in flower buds of American ginseng and different parts of its plants were detected and analyzed by UHPLC-Orbitrap MS and various statistical analysis methods.A total of 45 saponins were identified,of which the relative contents of total saponins and 21 saponins in flower buds of American ginseng were the highest;At the same time,statistical methods were used to reveal the potential characteristic markers of different parts of American ginseng,so as to provide theoretical reference for the accurate identification of extracts from different parts of American ginseng.