| Objective: The contralateral delayed activities of working memory and evoked potential were studied in patients with defective and non defective schizophrenia,to explore the differences in working memory impairment and working memory capacity reduction between defective and non defective schizophrenia,and to find the relationship between working memory indicators,brain electrophysiological indicators and clinical symptoms..Methods: 76 schizophrenia patients hospitalized at Daizhuang Hospital in Shandong Province from January 2022 to October 2022 were selected as the study group,and 31 healthy individuals were selected as the control group for the study.Collect general clinical data of participants,and evaluate working memory using the number sequence test and spatial breadth test in the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB)for schizophrenia.The severity of mental symptoms in the study group was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).30 schizophrenic patients and 31 normal individuals completed event related potential(ERP)testing,and used change awareness tasks to induce contralateral delayed activity(CDA)in 15 deficient schizophrenic patients,15 non deficient schizophrenic patients,and 31 normal individuals.Behavioral and EEG data were recorded during the experiment.The assessment of working memory capacity is completed by comparing the CDA amplitudes of electrodes PO3,PO4,PO5,PO6,PO7,and PO.Apply the SPSS25.0 software package to statistically process the data.Perform a homogeneity of variance test on all data to meet the requirement of homogeneity of variance.Use a single factor ANOVA test.If there are significant differences between groups,use the Bonferroni method for pairwise comparison;If the requirement for homogeneity of variance is not met,a corrected F-test is used.If there are significant differences between groups,the Games-Howell test is used for pairwise comparison.Use chi square test to analyze gender.For the scale data,an independent sample t-test was used to analyze the study group.Behavioral data and CDA amplitude were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance.For data that were not satisfied with the football shape test,Greenhouse Geisser corrected P-values and degrees of freedom were used.Simple effects tests were further conducted on results with interaction.Use Pearson linear correlation analysis to analyze the correlation between general information,working memory ability,and behavioral data.P<0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference.Results:1.Working memory results: In the number sequence and spatial breadth tests,both the deficient and non deficient schizophrenia groups scored lower than the control group,while the non deficient schizophrenia group scored higher than the deficient schizophrenia group,with statistically significant differences.2.Behavioral results:(1)When performing tasks with increasing memory load successively(1T0D,2T0 D and 4T0D),the accuracy of the defective schizophrenia group was lower than that of the non-defective schizophrenia group than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant;1T0D accuracy>2T0D accuracy >4T0D accuracy,the difference was statistically significant;The 1T0 D accuracy=2T0D accuracy>4T0D accuracy when performing the task in the deficient schizophrenia group;The 1T0 D correct rate was higher than 2T0 D correct rate than 4T0 D correct rate in the non-defective schizophrenia group.In the control group,1T0 D accuracy was higher than 2T0 D accuracy than4T0 D accuracy,and the trend difference was statistically significant.Reaction time of defective schizophrenia group> reaction time of non-defective schizophrenia group> reaction time of control group,the difference was statistically significant;1T0D reaction time=2T0D reaction time<4T0D reaction time,the difference was statistically significant.(2)When performing filtering interference tasks(2T0D,2T2 D,and4T0D),the accuracy rate of the deficient schizophrenia group was lower than that of the non deficient schizophrenia group,and the difference was statistically significant;2T0D accuracy>2T2D accuracy>4T0D accuracy,with statistically significant differences;When performing tasks in the deficient schizophrenia group,the accuracy of 2T0 D was greater than that of 4T0D;When performing tasks in the non deficient schizophrenia group,the 2T0 D accuracy rate was 2,the T2 D accuracy rate was greater than the 4T0 D accuracy rate;When performing tasks in the control group,the accuracy of 2T0 D was higher than that of 2T2 D and higher than that of 4T0D;The trend differences are statistically significant.The reaction time of the deficient schizophrenia group was greater than that of the non deficient schizophrenia group=that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant;2T0D reaction time<4T0D reaction time,the difference is statistically significant.(3)When performing the mixed task of attention and interference(1T0D,1T1 D and 1T1DR),the accuracy of the defective schizophrenia group was lower than that of the non-defective schizophrenia group than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant;1T0D accuracy>1T1D accuracy>1T1DR accuracy,the difference was statistically significant.Reaction time of defective schizophrenia group > reaction time of non-defective schizophrenia group= reaction time of control group,and the difference was statistically significant.The reaction time of 1T1 D was lower than that of 1T1 DR,and the difference was statistically significant.3.Event-related potential results:(1)When the memory load increased successively(1T0D,2T0 D and4T0D),the CDA amplitude of the deficient schizophrenia group = that of the non-deficient schizophrenia group < that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant;1T0D amplitude < 2T0 D amplitude=4T0D amplitude,and the difference was statistically significant.(2)When the interference filtering task(2T0D,2T2 D and 4T0D)was performed,the CDA amplitude of the deficient schizophrenia group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant;2T0D amplitude=2T2D amplitude<4T0D amplitude when performing tasks in the deficient schizophrenia group;2T0D amplitude=2T2D amplitude =4T0D amplitude when filtering interference task was performed in non-defective schizophrenia and control group.(3)When the mixed task of attention and interference was performed(1T0D,1T1 D and 1T1DR),the CDA amplitude of the defective schizophrenia group=the CDA amplitude of the non-defective schizophrenia group=the CDA amplitude of the control group,the difference was not statistically significant,and the 1T0 D amplitude=1T1DR amplitude < 1T1 D amplitude,the difference was statistically significant.The 1T0 D amplitude=1T1DR<1T1D amplitude when performing the task in the deficient schizophrenia group,the difference was statistically significant.The 1T0 D amplitude=1T1D amplitude=1T1DR amplitude was not statistically significant when the task was performed between non-defective schizophrenia and control group.4.Comparison of neural indicators of working memory: In the maintenance of working memory,the CDA＿2T0D amplitude of the deficient schizophrenia group was significantly smaller than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference;The CDA＿2T0D and CDA＿4T0D scores of the deficient and non-deficient schizophrenia groups were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant.In terms of interference control of working memory,the CDA＿FE score of defective schizophrenia group was higher than that of non-defective schizophrenia and control group,with a statistically significant difference.5.Correlation analysis: The scores of the number sequence test and spatial breadth test are negatively correlated with the PANSS negative symptom scale and total score,and positively correlated with the PANSS positive symptom scale.The score of spatial breadth test is positively correlated with the accuracy of CDA task,and the amplitude of CDA is positively correlated with the score of spatial breadth test＿2T0D(WM maintenance)is positively correlated with cultural level and spatial breadth tests,CDA＿4T0D and K＿4T0D(WM maintenance)is positively correlated with spatial breadth test,CDA＿FE(WM interference control)is negatively correlated with PANSS positive scale scores.Conclusion:1.Schizophrenic patients have impaired working memory,with a significant decrease in visual working memory ability.Deficient schizophrenia patients have poorer working memory compared to non deficient schizophrenia.2.Both deficient and non deficient schizophrenia patients have a significant decrease in working memory capacity,and there is impairment in information encoding and retention.3.The higher the educational level of schizophrenic patients,the better cognitive function,the better the maintenance of working memory,the more serious the positive symptoms,and the worse the interference control of working memory. |
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