Expression And Significance Of DKK-1 In The Serum And Placental Tissue Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: In this study,the role and significance of DKK-1 in gestational diabetes mellitus was preliminarily explored by analyzing and comparing the expression levels of DKK-1 in serum and placental tissues of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and healthy pregnant women。Methods: A total of 60 singleton pregnant women who had regular prenatal examination,and delivered by cesarean at term in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from July 2021 to December 2022 were randomly selected,including 30 cases each of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and normal pregnant women,setting pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus as the GDM group and normal healthy pregnant women as the control group.(1)Collect the general clinical data of pregnant women,including age,height,pre-pregnancy weight,weight before delivery,and weight gain during pregnancy,and the differences between the above clinical data of the two groups were analyzed and compared;(2)The expression of DKK-1 in the serum of the two groups of pregnant women was detected by ELISA,and the differences were been analyzed;(3)Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(q PCR)was used to analyze the expression of DKK-1 in the placental tissue of the two groups of pregnant women;(4)The expression difference of DKK-1mRNA in placental tissues of pregnant women in the two groups was analyzed by real-time PCR(q PCR);(5)Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyzed the difference in the expression of DKK-1 protein in the placental tissues of pregnant women in the two groups;(6)The correlation between serum DKK-1 expression and BMI,and weight gain during pregnancy of pregnant women with GDM was been analyzed.Results:(1)The results of clinical data analysis in two groups: there were no significant differences in age,BMI at delivery,weight gain in pregnancy and neonatal weight between GDM and the control group(P > 0.05).The pre-pregnancy BMI in the GDM group were 23.07 ± 2.99 and 21.34 ± 2.98 in the control groups of pregnant women,the pre-pregnancy BMI were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05).(2)ELISA result analysis: the serum DKK-1 expression level was 51.51±13.42 pg/ml in the GDM group and 62.08±16.44 pg/ml in the control group,the serum DKK-1 expression level of pregnant women with GDM was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).(3)Analysis of Real-time PCR results: DKK-1 mRNA expression could be detected in the placental tissues of pregnant women in both groups,the expression of DKK-1 mRNA in GDM group and control group were 1.60±0.29 and 1.89±0.45,respectively.And the expression of DKK-1mRNA in GDM was lower than that of the control group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P < 0.01)(4)The analysis of immunohistochemical showed that the expression of DKK-1 in GDM pregnant women was lower than that in control group,and the difference between them was statistically meaningful(P < 0.01).And DKK-1 protein can be detected in placental tissued of both pregnant women with GDM and the control group,(5)Western blot results showed that the expression of DKK-1 protein were 1.21±0.31 and 1.43±0.23,respectively.The expression level of DKK-1 protein in placental tissues of GDM pregnant women was lower than that of control group,and the difference was statistically meaningful(P<0.01).(6)The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum DKK-1 in pregnant women with GDM was negatively correlated with BMI before pregnancy and BMI during pregnancy(P<0.01),and there was no significant correlation with age,weight gain during pregnancy and neonatal weight(P>0.05)Conclusion: DKK-1 was expressed both in serum and placental tissues of GDM and healthy pregnant women,and the expression level of DKK-1 in serum and placental tissues of GDM was lower than that of healthy pregnant women.