The Development Of Myopia And Its Influencing Factors Among Children And Adolescents In Adistrict Of Xi’an

Objective:To investigate the myopia and development of children and adolescents in a district of Xi’an,and to analyze the influencing factors of myopia and high myopia,so as to provide guidance for the comprehensive prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.Methods:In this study,a random sample of all students underwent visual acuity measurement and non-cycloplegic.At the same time,a questionnaire was given to each student,whichincluded gender,date of birth,school,grade,family history of myopia,outdoor exercise,regular exercise programme,daily sleep time,extracurricular tutoring hours,and whether to follow the“one punch,one foot,one inch”(when reading and writing,one punch from the chest to the table,33 cm from the eye to the book and 3.3 cm from the tip of the pen to the finger)principle,daily green vegetables,daily sweet food intaking,whether picky eaters,and whether reading while taking transportation.SPSS26.0 was used for statistical analysis.The measures with normal distribution and homogeneous variance are expressed as X±S.Count data were expressed as n(%),andχ2 test was used for comparison between groups.The risk factors of myopia and high myopia were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.Two-sided statistical tests were used,and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:1.Analysis of the difference and causes of myopia rate among different students(13,707 students participated in the study):(1)The myopia rates of primary school,middle school,high school and vocational high school were 32.27%,72.07%,81.22% and65.12%,respectively.The total myopia rate was 47.81%;(2)The myopia rate of girls in all grades was higher than that of boys;(3)The myopia rate of primary school and junior high school increased with the increase of grade;With the increase of school level,the proportion of high myopia increased from 2.40% in primary school to 16.51% in high school.2.Analysis of the prevalence and risk factors of myopia among students in key schools(11,011 students participated in the study):(1)The overall myopia rate and high myopia rate in key schools were 75.7% and 9.7%,respectively,and the prevalence of myopia and high myopia increased significantly with the increase of grade or age;(2)The prevalence of myopia and high myopia in girls was higher than that in boys;(3)Students who were older,girls compared to boys,had a history of parental myopia,and regularly attended extracurricular tutoring were more likely to develop myopia;students who were older,had a history of parental myopia,and regularly attended extracurricular tutoring were more likely to develop high myopia.3.Longitudinal study of myopia development in primary and secondary school students(9286 students participated in the study):(1)The myopia rate of primary and secondary school students increased from 67.63% to 70.54% from the second semester of2021 to the first semester of 2022.The myopia rates in elementary,middle and high schools increased from 29.76%,74.87% and 83.46% to 40.10%,77.76% and 83.90%,respectively;(2)Myopia rate increases with grade level,and increases with time for elementary and junior high school students,and is especially evident at the elementary school level in grades 3-6,while no significant increase in myopia rate is seen for high school students;(3)The myopia rate of girls is higher than that of boys,and the myopia rate of both sexes shows an increasing trend over time;(4)The moderate myopia rate increased from 27.98% to 30.02%,and the high myopia rate increased from 7.98% to8.80%;The proportion of middle and high myopia increased gradually with the increase of school stage.Conclusion: 1.The overall rate of myopia and high myopia is high in Xi ’an,especially in key schools;2.The higher the grade and age,the higher the prevalence of myopia and high myopia;3.The prevalence of myopia and high myopia in girls was higher than that in boys in all age groups;4.Myopia and high myopia is associated with increasing age,parents myopia,do not often outdoor sports,attend after-school tutoring,myopia is also related to female gender,can not do "one foot one inch";The prevalence of myopia increased with time in primary school students and junior high school students.