| Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of the Big five personalities,emotional intelligence and empathy ability of nurses with low seniority,analyze the relationship between the big five personalities,emotional intelligence and empathy ability,and explore the action path of the big five personalities and emotional intelligence on empathy ability,so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the empathy ability of nurses with low seniority and optimizing the quality of nursing.Methods:This study is a cross-sectional investigation.By using convenient sampling method,507 junior nurses from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Yichun People’s Hospital,Ji’an Central People’s Hospital,Ganzhou People’s Hospital and Fuzhou First People’s Hospital were selected as the research objects,and questionnaires were issued to investigate the five personality traits,emotional intelligence and empathy ability of junior nurses.The questionnaires used included the general Data questionnaire of nurses with low seniority,the Chinese version of the 10-item Big Five personality Scale,the emotional intelligence Scale,and the Jefferson Empathy Scale.SPSS26.0 and Amos24.0 statistical software were used for data analysis.The main statistical methods included descriptive statistics,independent sample t test,one-way analysis of variance,Pearson correlation analysis,multiple linear regression analysis and intermediary effect analysis.Results:1.Analysis of the current situation of empathy of junior nursesThe total score of empathy ability of junior nurses was(112.75±14.25)points,and the average score of the items was(5.64±0.37)points.The scores of the three dimensions were:opinion selection(56.33±7.48)points,emotional nursing(38.46±4.94)points,perspective-taking(17.93±1.83)points,and the average score of the items from high to low was(5.97±0.61)points,opinion selection(5.63±0.75)points,and emotional nursing(5.49±0.71)points.According to t-test and univariate analysis of variance,the empathy ability of junior nurses was affected by personality,whether they were only children,family structure type,income satisfaction,department,monthly average night shift,whether they had participated in empathy training,and job satisfaction factors,with significant differences(P<0.05).2.The status quo of personality and emotional intelligence of the Big Five PersonalityThe total score of the Big Five personality was(42.62±6.22),and the average score of the items was(4.26±0.62).The scores of the five dimensions from high to low were:emotional stability(8.73±1.72),pleasant(8.70±1.62),conscientiousness(8.63±1.52),openness(8.39±1.73),and extraversion(8.17±1.93);The total score of emotional intelligence is(81.32±16.21)points,and the average score of items is(5.08±1.01)points.The scores of the four dimensions from high to low are:self emotional evaluation(22.20±4.22)points,others emotional evaluation(19.84±4.91)points,emotional use(19.69±4.74)points,and emotional control(19.59±4.86)points.3.Correlation between senior five personality,emotional intelligence and empathy of junior nursesPearson analysis results showed that the total scores of junior nurses’senior five personality,emotional intelligence and empathy were significantly positively correlated with each dimension(P<0.05).(1)Correlation analysis of senior five personality scores and empathy scores of junior nursesThe correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between the scores of extraversion and the scores of opinion taking,emotional nursing,empathy and empathy were 0.283,0.135,0.255 and 0.267 respectively;The correlation coefficients between the scores of pleasant and the scores of opinion taking,emotional nursing,empathy and empathy were 0.354,0.471,0.350 and 0.462 respectively;The correlation coefficients between the scores of conscientiousness and the scores of opinion taking,emotional nursing,empathy and empathy were 0.217,0.340,0.369 and 0.324 respectively;The correlation coefficients between the scores of emotional stability and the scores of opinion taking,emotional nursing,empathy and empathy were 0.139,0.128,0.168 and 0.143,respectively;The correlation coefficients between the scores of openness and the scores of opinion taking,emotional nursing,empathy and empathy were 0.248,0.144,0.156 and 0.163,respectively;The correlation coefficients between the total score of the Big Five personality and the scores of opinion taking,emotional nursing,empathy and empathy were 0.238,0.292,0.331 and 0.352 respectively.Among them,the correlation coefficient between comfort score and emotional nursing score is the highest,and the correlation coefficient between emotional stability score and emotional nursing score is the lowest.(2)Correlation analysis between emotional intelligence score and empathy score of junior nursesThe correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between the scores of self-emotional evaluation and the scores of opinion taking,emotional nursing,empathy and empathy were 0.199,0.179,0.139 and 0.216,respectively;The correlation coefficients between the scores of other people’s emotional evaluation and the scores of opinion taking,emotional nursing,empathy and empathy were 0.213,0.357,0.281 and 0.358 respectively;The correlation coefficients between the scores of emotion control and the scores of opinion taking,emotional nursing,empathy and empathy were 0.288,0.280,0.147 and 0.299,respectively;The correlation coefficients between the scores of emotional use and the scores of opinion taking,emotional nursing,empathy and empathy were 0.315,0.248,0.184 and 0.322,respectively;The correlation coefficients between the scores of emotional intelligence and the scores of opinion taking,emotional nursing,empathy and empathy were0.346,0.390,0.309 and 0.428,respectively.Among them,the correlation coefficient between emotional intelligence score and empathy score is the highest,and the correlation coefficient between self-emotional evaluation score and empathy score is the lowest.4.Analysis of influencing factors on the level of empathy of junior nursesMultiple linear regression showed that when the opinion selection was taken as the dependent variable,whether it was an only child,whether it had participated in empathy training,openness,amiability,and other people’s emotional evaluation entered the regression equation.The five variables could jointly explain the 26.4%variation of opinion selection(adjusted R~2=0.264,F=10.076,P=0.000),of which whether it was an only child had the greatest impact;When emotional nursing was taken as the dependent variable,family structure,monthly average night shift number,comfort and conscientiousness entered the regression equation,and the four variables could jointly explain the 14.5%variation of emotional nursing(adjusted R~2=0.145,F=3.618,P=0.000),of which the monthly average night shift number had the greatest impact;When empathy is taken as the dependent variable,pleasant,conscientious,open,and others’emotional evaluation enter the regression equation.The four variables can jointly explain the 38.0%variation of empathy(adjusted R~2=38.0%,F=4.111,P=0.000),of which whether you are an only child has the greatest impact.5.Effect analysis of factors affecting empathy of junior nurses in structural equation model(1)Emotional intelligence can positively predict empathy,and the direct effect value is 0.347,P<0.01.(2)The big five personality can positively predict empathy,and the direct effect value is 0.302,P<0.01.The big five personality can also indirectly affect empathy through emotional intelligence,with an indirect effect value of 0.105 and a total effect of 0.407.The direct effect of big five personality on empathy accounts for 74.75%of the total effect.Emotional intelligence plays a part of the mediating role in the action path of big five personality on empathy,and the intermediary effect accounts for 25.80%of the total effect.Conclusion:1.In this group,the Big five personality,emotional intelligence and empathy ability of nurses with low seniority were all above the average level,and different big five personality characteristics and emotional intelligence level would affect the empathy ability.2.In general data,personality types,whether you are an only child,family structure,income satisfaction,department,average monthly night shifts,whether you have participated in empathy training,and job satisfaction have certain effects on empathy.Specifically,opinion selection and emotional care are influenced by personality types;Being an only child or not has a certain impact on opinion selection;Family structure has a certain impact on emotional nursing;The department has a certain impact on opinion selection and emotional nursing;The average monthly night shift has an impact on emotional nursing;Income satisfaction,whether they have participated in empathy training,and job satisfaction have a certain impact on all dimensions of empathy.3.The total score of Big five personality and the scores of all dimensions,the total score of emotional intelligence and the scores of all dimensions were positively correlated with the total score of empathy ability and the scores of all dimensions.4.Multiple linear regression showed that the only child,whether to participate in empathy training,openness,agreeableness,other people’s emotional evaluation were influencing factors of opinion selection.Family structure,average night shift per month,agreeableness and conscientiousness were the influencing factors of affective nursing.Agreeableness,openness,conscientiousness and emotional evaluation of others are the factors influencing perspective-taking.5.The big five personality and emotional intelligence of nurses with low seniority can directly predict empathic ability.The Big Five personalities of nurses with low seniority can also indirectly affect empathy ability through emotional intelligence,that is,emotional intelligence can be used as an intermediary variable to regulate the influence of the Big Five personalities on empathy ability. |
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