Experimental Study Of Adipose Stem Cells In The Treatment Of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of intra-articular injection of ADSCs for the treatment of TMJOA by extracting rabbit adipose mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs)and establishing a TMJOA disease model,injecting ADSCs allogeneically into the rabbit joint cavity and assessing the expression of bone parameters and related inflammatory factors.Methods:Twenty-seven rabbits were randomly divided into blank control group,TMJOA modeling group and ADSCs treatment group.The rabbit ADSCs in the treatment group were extracted and cultured,and the rabbit TMJOA model was replicated by sodiμm iodoacetate method in the modeling and treatment groups.1×106 ADSCs were resuspended in 60μl saline for joint cavity injection to the treatment group,the modeling group and the blank control group were injected with equal amount of saline once a week,and the rabbit TMJOA was taken for Micro-CT scanning after two injections,and the bone volμme fraction(BV/TV),bone surface area /bone volμme ratio(BS/BV),trabecular thickness(Tb.Th),trabecular spacing(Tb.Sp)and trabecular nμmber(Tb.N)were analyzed in the condylar tissue of each group of rabbits;the morphology of the condylar tissue of each group was observed by HE staining;the expression and localization of SRY-related high mobility group box gene 9(SOX9),matrix metalloproteinase-13(MMP-13)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in the condylar tissues of rabbits were examined by immunohistochemistry,and the expression of SOX9,MMP-13 and VEGF in the condylar tissues of rabbits was examined by Western Blot.Results:Micro-CT scan,compared with the control group,the BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb.N of condylar tissue in the modeling group were significantly lower(P<0.05),and BS/BV and Tb.Sp were significantly higher(P<0.05);compared with the modeling group,the BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb.N of condylar tissue in the ADSCs treatment group were significantly higher(P<0.05),and BS/BV and Tb.SP were significantly lower(P<0.05).Th and Tb.N were significantly higher(P<0.05)and BS/BV and Tb.Sp were significantly lower(P<0.05)in the condylar cartilage of the control group;in the modeling group,the surface of the condylar process was irregular,the hypertrophic layer was thickened,and cell loss areas and cell clusters were observed.The rabbits in the ADSCs treatment group showed mild inflammatory reactions,and the mast layer was slightly thickened.The expression levels of SOX9,MMP-13 and VEGF were significantly increased in the condylar tissue of rabbits in the modeling group compared with the control group(P<0.05),while the expression levels of SOX9,MMP-13 and VEGF were significantly decreased in the condylar tissue of rabbits in the ADSCs treatment group compared with the modeling group(P<0.05).blotting method,the expression levels of SOX9,MMP-13 and VEGF in the condylar tissues of rabbits in the modeling group were significantly increased compared with those in the control group(P<0.05);the expression levels of SOX9,MMP-13 and VEGF in the condylar tissues of rabbits in the ADSCs trea Micro-CT scan,compared with the control group,the BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb.N of condylar tissue in the modeling group were significantly lower(P < 0.05),and BS/BV and Tb.Sp were significantly higher(P < 0.05);compared with the modeling group,the BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb.N of condylar tissue in the ADSCs treatment group were significantly higher(P<0.05),and BS/BV and Tb.Sp were significantly lower(P<0.05).Th and Tb.N were significantly higher(P<0.05)and BS/BV and Tb.Sp were significantly lower(P<0.05)in the condylar cartilage of the control group;in the modeling group,the surface of the condylar process was irregular,the hypertrophic layer was thickened,and cell loss areas and cell clusters were observed.The rabbits in the ADSCs treatment group showed mild inflammatory reactions,and the mast layer was slightly thickened.The expression levels of SOX9,MMP-13 and VEGF were significantly increased in the condylar tissue of rabbits in the modeling group compared with the control group(P<0.05),while the expression levels of SOX9,MMP-13 and VEGF were significantly decreased in the condylar tissue of rabbits in the ADSCs treatment group compared with the modeling group(P<0.05).blotting method,the expression levels of SOX9,MMP-13 and VEGF in the condylar tissues of rabbits in the modeling group were significantly increased compared with those in the control group(P<0.05);the expression levels of SOX9,MMP-13 and VEGF in the condylar tissues of rabbits in the ADSCs treatment group were significantly decreased com Pared with those in the modeling group(P < 0.05).The treatment group were significantly decreased compared with those in the modeling group(P<0.05).Conclusion:1.Type I collagenase digestion method can successfully extract ADSCs,and the isolated and cultured ADSCs have higher activity and can be good seed cells for tissue engineering.2.Sodiμm iodoacetate chemical induction can successfully establish the TMJOA disease model,and the detection indexes show that the induction results meet the diagnostic criteria of TMJOA animal model.3.Intra-articular injection of adipose stem cells can effectively repair cartilage damage in TMJ osteoarthritis,reduce cartilage damage,and slow down the progression of osteoarthritis.