| Objective:To investigate and analyze the physical development and nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Jilin Province under the "Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students"(hereinafter referred to as "Nutrition Improvement Program"),to evaluate the implementation effect of the Nutrition Improvement Program in pilot areas of Jilin Province,to analyze the existence of The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation effect of the nutrition improvement program in the pilot areas of Jilin Province,analyze the nutritional health problems,and provide a scientific basis for the formulation and adjustment of student nutrition policies in Jilin Province.Methods:The monitoring data of primary and secondary school students in 13 pilot counties in Jilin Province in 2021 were collected,of which 12 pilot counties implementing the student nutrition improvement program were the intervention group and 1 pilot county not implementing the student nutrition improvement program was the non-intervention group.The students in the intervention group and the non-intervention group were monitored for relevant physical indicators,including height,weight and other indicators,among which hemoglobin,physical fitness and visual acuity were sampled and monitored according to the requirements of the National Nutrition Improvement Program.The data were organized and summarized using Excel2010,and the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS24.0.The comparison of quantitative information was performed by t-test and ANOVA,and the comparison of qualitative information was performed by chi-square test.Test level α = 0.05,p < 0.05 considered a statistically significant difference.Results:1.Basic information of the study population.2021 Jilin Province Nutrition Improvement Program was monitored in 13 counties and 128 schools,with a total of30,944 students effectively monitored,including 15,923 boys and 15,021 girls.The composition of different sexes in different monitoring sites was more balanced,and the proportion of boys and girls monitored reached about 50% each.There were no significant differences in age,height,and weight among the study subjects before the intervention in different grades and genders(p>0.05),which were comparable.Of the12 counties that implemented the intervention,the monitored elementary and middle schools used the $4 meal allowance provided for lunch,and there was no meal allowance in Tonghua County,which did not implement the intervention.2.Height and weight development status.The mean height values of the intervention group were significantly higher than the national average for the age groups of 10-15 years for boys and 12-15 years for girls(p<0.05);the mean weight values of all age groups for boys and girls were significantly higher than the national average(p<0.05).The mean height and weight values of boys were generally higher than those of girls in junior high school,and the height growth of boys showed a rapid upward trend after junior high school,while the height growth trend of girls was more moderate in junior high school.The greatest difference in weight from the national mean was 6.66 kg for boys in the 14-year-old age group and 5.70 kg for girls in the 15-year-old age group.Compared with Tonghua County without nutritional intervention,the mean height values were higher in the intervention group than in the nonintervention group for boys at ages 9,11,and 12 and girls at ages 11,13,and 14,and the differences were statistically significant(p<0.05).The mean values of weight were higher in the intervention group than in the non-intervention group in the age groups of 11,13,and9,14,and 15 years for boys,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).3.Hpirometry status.There were 811 students(26.48%)with excellent spirometry evaluation in the intervention group,505 students(16.49%)with good evaluation,1422students(46.43%)with passing evaluation,and 325 students(10.61%)with failing evaluation.Compared with Tonghua County without nutritional intervention,the mean values of lung capacity in the age group of 7-13 years were significantly higher in the intervention group for boys than in the non-intervention group(p<0.05),and the mean values of lung capacity in the age group of 7-15 years were significantly higher in the intervention group for girls than in the non-intervention group(p<0.05).4.50-meter running status.A total of 163 students(5.42%)were evaluated at the upper level of 50-meter running performance in the intervention group;580 students(19.28%)were evaluated at the upper intermediate level;1159 students(38.52%)were evaluated at the intermediate level;914 students(30.38%)were evaluated at the lower intermediate level;and A total of 193 students,or 6.41%,were evaluated as inferior.Compared with Tonghua County,where the intervention was not implemented.The time taken for 50-meter running performance in the age groups of 10-12 years old for boys and 11,13 and 15 years old for girls in the intervention group was significantly less than that in the non-intervention group(p<0.05).5.Undernutrition and overweight/obesity status.The overall detection rate of undernutrition in the intervention group was 5.80%,including 0.33% for growth retardation and 5.47% for wasting.The overall overweight/obesity detection rate was38.00%,including 15.80% overweight detection rate and 22.20% obesity detection rate.The detection of undernutrition among male students showed an increasing trend with age,while female students showed a decreasing trend;the detection rate of overweight/obesity among male students increased and then decreased with age,while the trend of overweight/obesity among female students was relatively stable.Compared with Tonghua County without nutrition intervention,the overall under-nutrition detection rate of the intervention group(5.80%)was lower than that of the nonintervention group(6.63%),and the difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05);the overweight/obesity detection rate of the intervention group(38.00%)was higher than that of the non-intervention group(36.46%),and the difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05).statistically significant(p>0.05).6.Anemia status.The overall anemia detection rate in the intervention group was11.42%,and the anemia detection rate was higher in girls(7.22%)than in boys(4.20%),with a statistically significant difference(p<0.05).The anemia detection rate of male students showed a decreasing trend with increasing age,while the anemia detection rate of female students showed a decreasing and then increasing trend with increasing age.Compared with Tonghua County without nutritional intervention,the detection rate of anemia in the intervention group was higher than that in the non-intervention group,and the difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05).7.Poor visual acuity status.In the intervention group,407 people with mild visual impairment were detected,with a detection rate of 13.29%;745 people with moderate visual impairment were detected,with a detection rate of 24.33%;891 people with severe visual impairment were detected,with a detection rate of 29.10%.The detection rate of poor visual acuity among boys and girls increased with age.The older the age,the higher the detection rate of severe visual impairment.44.44% of boys and 53.51%of girls were detected with severe visual impairment in the 15-year-old age group.Compared with Tonghua County,where no nutritional intervention was implemented,the detection rate of poor vision in the intervention group was 66.72%,which was higher than the detection rate of 63.77% in the non-intervention group,and the difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05).Conclusion:1.After the implementation of the nutrition improvement program in rural areas of Jilin Province,the overall height and weight of primary and secondary school students in the intervention areas showed an increasing trend,and the mean values of height and weight in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the non-intervention group.2.The spirometry of primary and secondary school students in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the non-intervention group.The 50-meter running speed of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the nonintervention group.3.The students in the monitored area currently have the dual problems of undernutrition and overweight and obesity,and the implementation of the nutrition improvement program has effectively alleviated the problem of undernutrition in the area.4.The detection rate of anemia was 11.42% in the intervention group and 9.76%in the non-intervention group,but there was no significant difference in the detection rate of anemia between the two groups.5.The detection rate of poor visual acuity was 66.72% in the intervention group and 63.77% in the non-intervention group,but there was no significant difference in the detection rate of poor visual acuity between the two groups. |
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