Identification And Quality Study Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cirsium Japonicum And Its Adulterants

ObjectiveTaking Cirsium japonicum and its adulterants as the research object,the authenticity of Cirsium japonicum from different places of origin was identified,and its content was determined to provide reference for rapid identification and preliminary quality evaluation of Cirsium japonicum.MethodsFour analytical techniques including electrochemical fingerprint,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,ultraviolet fingerprint and high performance liquid chromatography,combined with chemometrics,were used to identify and preliminarily evaluate the quality of Cirsium japonicum from different places of origin and its adulterants.ResultsThe electrochemical fingerprint analysis of Cirsium japonicum and its adulterants was carried out,and the identification of Cirsium japonicum and its adulterants from different areas was studied by E-t curve and main characteristic parameters.The best experimental conditions were selected by investigating the temperature,adding amount and rotating speed of the electrochemical fingerprint experiment,namely,0.1500 g of artichoke powder,310 K of super constant temperature bath,and 600 r/min of magnetic stirrer.Under these conditions,the obtained electrochemical fingerprint has good reproducibility,and can be used to determine the different origins of Cirsium japonicum and its adulterants.Due to the differences in growth environment,the chemical composition and substance content of medicinal materials from different places of origin are also different,so they will be reflected in the characteristic parameters on the electrochemical fingerprint.The results of cluster analysis are consistent with those of electrochemical fingerprint analysis.Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis of Cirsium japonicum and its adulterants found that the peak patterns of the medicinal materials from different origins were generally similar in the infrared spectrum,while the infrared spectra of Cirsium japonicum,Silybum marianum and Cirsium setosum differed in the peak pattern,peak position,peak intensity and number of peaks.The absorption peaks of Cirsium japonicum were mainly around 3340～3270、2890、1720、1050、880 cm^-1,and the absorption peaks were relatively dense in the range of 1800～500 cm^-1,Silybum marianum is relatively flat in the range of 2500～1750 cm^-1,withoutbond.Cirsium setosum has only one absorption peak near 2897 cm^-1,and several obvious small peaks appear at 1250 cm^-1;Second order derivative processing was carried out to separate the stacked and too wide and small peaks in the original atlas,and reduce the interference caused by overlapping peaks.The analysis results were consistent with the above,indicating that there were certain differences in the chemical composition of the three medicinal materials.Then,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and cluster independent soft pattern classification model were carried out for the Cirsium japonicum and its adulterants,making the analysis results more reliable.The UV fingerprint analysis of Cirsium japonicum and its adulterants found that Cirsium japonicum and Cirsium setosum,as the same plant of the same family and genus,have a common peak at the wavelength of 200～500 nm,which indicates that the chemical components of the two are relatively similar,and it is speculated that there may be a common component of the two at 330 nm;Silybum marianum is a plant belonging to the same family and different genera of Cirsium japonicum,with relatively few common peaks.The results of cluster analysis,principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that the three could distinguish the Cirsium japonicum from the counterfeit to a certain extent,and PLS-DA was more accurate in the classification of samples.The content of Cirsium japonicum and Cirsium setosum was determined by HPLC.It was found that linarin was the common component of both,and pecaalinarin was the unique component of Cirsium japonicum,which can also be used to identify the authenticity of Cirsium japonicum.In addition,the content of pecaalinarin and linarin in Cirsium japonicum samples was low,and the content of samples collected in Bozhou Kangmei B was the lowest,Compared with the samples from other places of origin,the content of Cirsium setosum linarin collected in Hehuachi and Chongqing is lower,which may be due to the degradation of chemical components caused by the long storage time of the medicinal materials.ConclusionElectrochemical fingerprint can identify and analyze Cirsium japonicum,Silybum marianum and Cirsium setosum from different places of origin.Due to the different growth environment of the medicinal materials,the impact on the same oscillation system is also different.The identification of different places of origin can be achieved through the difference of the final oscillation curve and characteristic parameters.The method is simple in pretreatment and convenient in operation.It is an analytical method that can quickly identify medicinal materials from different places of origin.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet fingerprint technology can distinguish the Cirsium japonicum from the Cirsium setosum of the same family and different genera of the same family and the Silybum marianum of the same family and different genera.The two analytical methods,combined with chemometrics,further verify the accuracy of the authenticity identification results.The content was determined by HPLC,which provided a reference for the quality evaluation of Cirsium japonicum.