Risk Factors Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Associated With Venous Thromboembolism At High Altitude

Purpose:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is one of the leading causes of death worldwide,particularly in low-and middle-income countries,and is often associated with venous thromboembolism(VTE)at high altitude.Although the specific risk factors for this phenomenon are not well understood,this paper aims to systematically evaluate previous literature and conduct a retrospective analysis of COPD patients with VTE attending the First Hospital of Lanzhou University to identify risk factors for earlier diagnosis and active prevention.Methods:This study employs evidence-based medical research and retrospective case studies.A review of relevant literature is conducted to identify current research on risk factors for VTE in COPD patients,evaluate the influence of various factors on VTE occurrence in COPD patients,and discuss treatment and prevention.Retrospective case analysis focuses on COPD patients who visited Landa First Hospital from February 2017 to February 2022,using the chi-square test and logistic method to comparatively analyze the effect of basic patient information,length of stay,pulmonary function,hematological parameters,coagulation capacity,and combined underlying diseases on the occurrence of VTE.Results:Meta-analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus,bed rest for 3 days or more,and limited mobility were risk factors for concurrent VTE in COPD(P<0.05),while smoking history was not a risk factor(P>0.05).Cough and sputum,varicose veins in the lower extremities,lower extremity pain,high D-dimer,and reduced PaO2 were risk factors for COPD patients with combined VTE(P<0.05).Dyspnea,combined lung cancer,atrial fibrillation,and abnormal PaCO2 were not risk factors(P>0.05).Retrospective case analysis found that dichotomous variables(pneumonia,diabetes,pulmonary hypertension,emphysema,pulmonary embolism,and heart failure)and continuous variables(FEV1,WBC,#NEU,%NEU,INR,DD,and PO2)were strongly associated with VTE occurrence(P<0.05).Multifactorial outcome analysis revealed that pneumonia,diabetes mellitus,pulmonary hypertension,emphysema,and heart failure were independent risk factors for VTE development in COPD patients at high altitude(P<0.05).Conclusion:The findings suggest that COPD patient management should be strengthened and blood glucose controlled at a reasonable level.Pneumonia,emphysema,pulmonary hypertension,and heart failure should be actively treated and controlled,while the number of days of hospitalization and bed rest should be reduced.Appropriate home oxygen therapy should be used to improve pulmonary function and increase PO2 partial pressure.By comprehensively assessing the underlying conditions of COPD patients and considering possible risk factors for VTE,safe and effective measures can be adopted to reduce the incidence of VTE,alleviate patient suffering,and promote rapid recovery.