| Children and adolescents are in a critical period of physical and psychological growth and development in all aspects,and at the same time,this age is also an important period for them to develop healthy habits.Intervening children and adolescents in this period with factors that are harmful to a healthy life can play a major role in improving their health.The State Council issued the China Children’s Development Program(2021-2030),which clearly states that the whole society should give priority to protecting children’s health.There is also a clear direction and guidance in the basic medical and health care system,medical security policy,public health policy and articulation,etc.In addition,the details of the implementation are also included in the objectives and responsibility assessment of government departments.Obesity,dental caries,myopia,scoliosis and hypertension are the main diseases affecting the physical health of children and adolescents.They are also important problems facing social and public health.The World Health Organization recommends that all countries take actions and formulate corresponding policies to prevent the deterioration of children and adolescents’ health..The sampling method used in this study was cluster sampling,and a total of 1965 primary and secondary school students in a district of Zhengzhou City,Henan Province,were selected so as to investigate the prevalence of common diseases such as hypertension,abnormal body posture,and poor visual acuity.The survey is divided into two parts,one is physical examination of students,the second part is questionnaire survey.A physical examination is performed by a trained physician who measures height,weight,waist circumference,vision,posture,mouth and blood pressure.The questionnaire was designed by ourselves and was conducted by uniformly trained investigators.The contents include gender,age,nationality,education level,diet,sports,sports attitude,self-rated health status,sleep status and so on.All the data were recorded by Excel software,and the distribution of common diseases in the population was statistically described with SPSS 26.0 in terms of composition ratio.Association rules were used to explore the correlation and correlation strength among common diseases,and to explore the risk factors of comorbidity.Secondly,Logistic regression was used to study the correlation between common diseases in children and school environment and family environment,and then the harm of common diseases to children and adolescents was analyzed through interaction.Through empirical analysis,draw the following conclusions:firstly,among primary and secondary school students in a district of Zhengzhou in 2021,the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 12.01%,the prevalence of hypertension was 9.67%,the prevalence of dental caries was 37.96%,the rate of poor vision was58.17%,and the rate of scoliosis was 6.16%.These diseases have high prevalence and deserve the attention of the state and government.Secondly,according to the survey,gender,age,self-evaluation of health status,frequency of drinking beverages,puffed food,picky eating,sleep time at night,and what kind of food they like to eat are the risk factors for overweight and obesity;Gender,age,homework time,parents reminding students that reading and writing posture is not correct,watching electronic screen time,parents’ myopia are risk factors for poor vision;Self-assessment of health status,puffed food,picky eating,sleep time at night,what kind of food they like to eat,picky eating habits were risk factors for hypertension.Age,frequency of drinking beverages,puffed food and picky eating were risk factors for dental caries.At last,the prevalence of common comorbidities in primary and secondary school students was68.35%,and the most common comorbidity pattern was {high and low shoulders and poor vision}.In boys,the most common comorbidity pattern was {high and low shoulders and poor vision},and in girls,the most common comorbidity pattern was{dental caries and poor vision}. |
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