Research On Comprehensive Prevention And Control Of Chronic Diseases In Meilan District,Haikou City

ObjectiveThis study takes the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases in Meilan District,Haikou City as an example,compares the differences in effectiveness before and after,and conducts in-depth exploration and research on the comprehensive resources for prevention and control of chronic diseases,the prevalence of chronic disease risk factors among residents,and the incidence of malignant tumors and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in this area;Analyze the management status of chronic diseases to identify various highlights that have existed since the construction of Meilan District,and identify weak links,providing a reference basis for Hainan Province to improve its chronic disease management capacity in the next step.MethodsCollect important literature and data on comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases through literature analysis,and understand the current situation of chronic disease prevention and control at home and abroad.Search the official website for relevant policies and regulations related to the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases,and gain a detailed understanding of the current situation of chronic disease prevention and control in China.Use Excel for simple calculations and organization,and conduct descriptive analysis using frequency,composition ratio,and relative comparison of the basic information of the survey subjects.Using the Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient,curve drawing and data calculation were conducted on the fairness of healthcare resource allocation by population distribution and geographical area distribution in this region in 2022,to analyze the rationality of healthcare resource allocation.The change trend of incidence rate of major chronic diseases before and after the comprehensive prevention and control construction was analyzed by interruption time series(ITS),the Cochran Armitage test was used for the linear trend test,the RStudio1.4.1106 software was used for the mapping,and the chi square test or Fisher exact probability method was used for the inter group comparison of incidence rate to comprehensively evaluate the effect of the comprehensive prevention and control construction of chronic diseases in Meilan District.Results1.After the construction of comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases in Meilan District,resource allocation and investment have become more reasonable and fair,but there are still some weak links,mainly including: the operating mechanism between chronic disease prevention and control departments is unreasonable,and there is a shortage of dedicated personnel engaged in chronic disease prevention and control;2.The self health management level of the general population in Meilan District is relatively low,mainly reflected in the fact that the smoking rate has been on the rise in recent years.In terms of age group,residents in the 30-year-old group have the highest smoking rate(18.95%)among the entire population;The 30 day drinking rate in Meilan District showed a significant downward trend from 2010 to 2020,but it is still higher than the drinking rate of Chinese residents in 2020(19.9%),and the male drinking rate has always been higher than that of women;The physical activity rate of residents aged 18 and above in Meilan District has increased from 31.51% in 2010 to 37.65% in 2020.The degree of improvement in males is significant;The overweight and obesity rates among residents aged 18 and above in Meilan District have increased from 19.70% in 2010 to 22.20% in 2020,showing an upward trend;3.The increase of incidence rate of malignant tumors among residents in Meilan District slowed down.The ITS results showed that the incidence rate of malignant tumors in the whole population of Meilan District had no significant change in the immediate level during the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control(P=0.282).Since then,it has shown a downward trend year by year,but the downward trend is not obvious.According to the analysis of gender composition,after the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control(2012-2020),the increase rate of male malignant tumor incidence rate slowed down(P=0.729),and the female malignant tumor incidence rate showed a downward trend(P=0.208);4.The incidence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among residents in Meilan District continued to rise.After the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the whole population of Meilan District(2012～2020),the incidence rate is on the rise.The incidence rate of the male population showed an upward trend,while the incidence rate of the female population showed an upward trend,but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.055).In addition,when organizing and analyzing the incidence data of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Meilan District,it was found that there were significant fluctuations in Meilan District between 2010 and 2020.Conclusion1.The unreasonable staffing and insufficient dedicated personnel for chronic disease prevention and control among the chronic disease management departments in Meilan District are the shortcomings of promoting the implementation of comprehensive chronic disease prevention and control in Meilan District at present.Therefore,it is necessary to adjust the chronic disease architecture system as soon as possible,strengthen the comprehensive coordination and communication ability of various tasks between upper and lower departments,and increase investment in the cultivation of talent teams in chronic disease management,Continuously improving the incentive system to stimulate vitality;After the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases,the prevalence of risk factors related to chronic diseases has greatly improved: smoking rates have decreased,drinking rates within 30 days have decreased,and physical activity rates have increased.It should be noted that the rates of overweight and obesity are increasing,so improving residents’ dietary habits and raising their health awareness should be the focus of future chronic disease management work in Meilan District;3.In the management of chronic diseases such as malignant tumors and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,there has been significant improvement compared to before the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases.Meilan District also completed the indicator requirements for chronic diseases in the Health "2030" Plan Outline released by Hainan Province in advance;4.Continue to improve the monitoring system for major diseases in Meilan District,improve the quality of monitoring,and provide evidence-based basis for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in Meilan District.Expand the scope of chronic disease management and prevention,refine the research content on various chronic diseases in Meilan District,and integrate relevant methods to comprehensively evaluate the prevention and control effectiveness of Meilan District.