Ethnobotanical Study Of Lisu People(Shanhou Branch) In Shangri-La

The Lisu people(Shanhou branch)in Shangri-la have long lived in the core area of the three parallel rivers,which is known as one of the hotspots of biodiversity in the world.Relying on the advantages of biological diversity in the place of residence,the Lisu people in the back of Shangri-La Mountains have accumulated rich knowledge of traditional plant utilization in their long-term understanding and practice of nature.According to historical research,the ancestors of the branch behind the mountains have lived along the Jinsha River since the 8th century.Because they have not experienced large-scale long-distance migration of their compatriots,their traditional knowledge is relatively intact.Lisu people have inherited traditional knowledge by word of mouth since ancient times,which makes their traditional cultural knowledge at risk of loss.At present,the ethnobotanical study of the Lisu people in Shangri-La(Shanhou branch)is still in a blank at home and abroad.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out relevant investigations on them.Objective: To use ethnobotany methods to investigate,collate,catalog and evaluate the traditional plants used by the Lisu people(Shanhou branch)in Shangri-La,with the aim of(1)rescuing and recording the local traditional ecological knowledge and culture that is passing away.(2)Discuss the characteristics and characteristics of the plants used by the Lisu people in Shangri-La(Shanhou branch).(3)Discuss the impact of the application of plant traditional knowledge on local biodiversity.Methods: Using the key person interview method,snowball method and semistructured interview method in ethnobotany to investigate the wild medicinal plants,edible plants and ritual plants well-known to the Lisu people(Shanhou branch),and to record in detail the types of plants,medicinal(edible)Parts,processing and application methods,etc.,and sorted out and cataloged.Using the ethnobotany index: Utilization Reports(URs),Relative Citation Frequency(RFC),and Utilization Value(UV),the species with higher utilization degree by the Lisu(Shanhou branch)were screened out.Results:(1)The medicinal plants used by the Lisu people in the back of the mountain are very rich.A total of 218 informants reported 201 species of medicinal plants belonging to 152 genera and 75 families.At the same time,the medicinal plant groups are diverse,including angiosperms,lycopsids and ferns,gymnosperms,fungi and lichens.Polygonaceae is the family with the largest number of species.The most commonly used medicinal parts and drug processing methods are roots and herbal tea.Lisu people have high consistency in the treatment of throat pain,upper respiratory tract infection,rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease.Among the medicinal plants used by Lisu people,82 species of plants also play the role of edible plants.Through searching the documents such as the IUCN Red List(IUCN)and the National Key Protected Wild Plants List,a total of 16 medicinal plants used by Lisu people are under threat.In addition,8 species of plants,including Yunnan peony,Sichuan fritillaria,golden lock and Tricholoma matsutake,have been listed as China’s key second-level protected wild plants.(2)The Lisu people(Shanhou branch)in Shangri-La collected and utilized 96 kinds of wild edible plants from 47 families,including 4 groups of angiosperms,lycopodium and ferns,lichens and fungi,of which angiosperms are the most,accounting for 96%.Rosaceae,Polygonaceae and Pentaphyceae are the most families,the herbaceous plants are the main life forms,and the fruit is the most edible part.According to the use of food,Lisu’s wild edible plants can be divided into five types: wild fruits,wild vegetables,oil plants,seasoning plants and feed plants.There are 51 kinds of wild fruits,86 kinds of wild vegetables,8 kinds of oil plants,10 kinds of seasoning plants and 29 kinds of feed plants.More than 50% of wild edible plants have more than two food uses.(3)The use of ritual plants by the Lisu people(Shanhou branch)in Shangri-La,contains rich traditional knowledge.A total of 14 families,15 genera and 15 species of plants are used in the relevant ceremonies.The local Lisu people’s knowledge of ritual inheritance,especially the sacred tree culture,plays a positive role in protecting the biodiversity of local communities,and has important reference value for protecting the local natural environment in the future.Conclusions:(1)The Lisu people(Shanhou branch)in Shangri-la have rich traditional knowledge of the utilization of wild medicinal plants,edible plants and ritual plants.(2)The traditional knowledge of the Lisu people(Shanhou branch)in Shangri-La is threatened by many factors,especially the inflow of alien species and the impact of alien culture,the lack of inheritors,and the transitional collection.The traditional culture is facing the problem of loss.It is urgent to record,preserve and protect these traditional cultural knowledge and related plant resources scientifically.(3)This is the first quantitative ethnobotanical study of the Lisu people in Shangri-La.The results of this study will provide basic data information for the biodiversity protection,rational development and sustainable use of the Lisu people’s wild medicinal,edible,ritual plant resources and related traditional knowledge.