On Ploughing Mechanism And Modeling Of Bovine Femoral Cortical Material

The quality of bone remodeling and restoration affects the function of bone in bone surgery.The recovery of bone tissue can be accelerated by preparing topological microstructures on the surface of cortical bone.These structures can stimulate specific and desired biological responses to promote the required cellular and tissue responses.Ploughing the surface of cortical bone using a diamond tool is an efficient and accurate method to fabricate micro-structures.However,this ploughing process is a destructive material reduction process.The reconstruction of the original appearance of the cortical bone material is achieved by the regrowth function of bone tissue to achieve the required medical purposes.Excessive cutting force and abnormal cutting state during the ploughing process can aggravate the expansion of cortical bone damage cracks and cause additional damage to bone tissue and its surrounding cell environment.This can restrict the recovery of patients after surgery.In terms of structure,cortical bone is similar to Fiber Reinforced Polymer,exhibiting obvious anisotropy and having a certain brittleness.It is easy to produce cracks in the cutting process and extend into the bone structure.Therefore,studying the mechanism of cortical bone ploughing,predicting and simulating the ploughing force is of great value for the development of orthopedic surgery and postoperative tissue recovery.This can ensure that the cortical bone material maintains the integrity of its tissue structure and group activity during the ploughing process.In this paper,we conducted research to address the issues mentioned above.Firstly,we established an anisotropy model for axial and tangential forces during the process of cortical bone ploughing,taking into account factors such as cutting angle,material deformation mode,and cutting thickness.Next,we used the finite element method to simulate the ploughing process of cortical bone based on its characteristics as a fiber reinforced composite.Finally,we built an experimental system for cortical bone ploughing using a single point diamond and performed ploughing experiments under different cutting factors.We verified the feasibility of our proposed ploughing force model and finite element simulation model by examining the crack fracture morphology and furrow morphology of the cortical bone.