The Investigation Of Current Status And The Risk Factors Of Myopia Children In Sanmenxia City

BackgroundAs a country with the largest myopic population in the world,China faces great challenges in the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents,especially under the influence of COVID-19.Changes in home isolation and teaching mode have had a profound impact on the life and learning status of children and adolescents in China.Myopia,a new health problem,will inevitably impact on individuals and society in China.How to determine the protective factors of myopia and the risk factors to avoid the formation of myopia is what we need to think about in the prevention and control of myopia at the present stage.ObjectiveTo review the development trend of myopia among students in Sanmenxia city,Henan Province from 2019 to 2021,analyze the risk factors and protective factors of myopia among students in Sanmenxia city,and provide eye health management strategies for different exposure factors,in order to provide theoretical support for prevention and control of myopia under lockdown measures during COVID-19.MethodsA cross-sectional multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select 7777 students from nearly 40,000 students who were followed up by Sanmenxia Eye Hospital from 2019 to 2021.All students underwent ophthalmic examination and filled in a questionnaire to analyze the myopia rate and the increase degree of myopia in children and adolescents during the three years.χ2 test was used to analyze the risk factors and protective factors of single-factor myopia in children and adolescents,and binary logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors and protective factors of multi-factor myopia in children and adolescents.ResultsThe overall myopia rates of children and adolescents in Sanmenxia city were 56.2%,68.0% and77.6% from 2019 to 2021,respectively.The myopia rates increased with age(χ2=2982.275,ρ < 0.001;χ2=2609.241,ρ < 0.001;χ2=2269.762,ρ < 0.001).The myopia rate of girls was higher than that of boys in three years(χ2=101.473,ρ=0.003;χ2=116.586,ρ < 0.001;χ2=105.477,ρ=0.01).The increase degree of myopia in 2020 was-0.51±0.71 D,which was lower than that in 2021(-0.57±0.79 D,t=5.160,ρ < 0.001).The ordered logistic regression analysis showed that the increase degree of myopia in males was greater than that in females in 2020(ρ < 0.001).With the increase of age,the increase of myopia was first slowed down and then accelerated(ρ < 0.001).The risk factors of myopia were father myopia(OR=3.40,ρ <0.001),mother myopia(OR=2.97,ρ < 0.001)and online learning time of more than 8 hours per day(OR=3.69,ρ < 0.001).Compared with the students whose parents thought myopia would affect children’s eye health,the students whose parents thought myopia cost money(OR=2.03,ρ = 0.001)and whose parents thought myopia would affect their appearance(OR=2.08,ρ < 0.001)were more likely to be myopic.Compared with the students whose sleep time is more than 8h,the students whose sleep time is less than 6h(OR=9.26,ρ < 0.001)and 6h to 8h(OR=8.14,ρ < 0.001)are more prone to myopia.Compared with students who studied more than 8h a day,students who studied between 2.5h and 8h a day were more likely to be nearsighted(OR=0.36,ρ < 0.001).Compared with the students whose homework time is more than 2.5hours per day,the students whose homework time is less than 1h(OR=0.48,ρ < 0.001)and 1h to 2.5 hours per day(OR=0.19,ρ < 0.001)are less prone to myopia.ConclusionThe prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents in Sanmenxia is slightly higher than the national average,and the prevalence of myopia in women is higher than that in men.Strengthening the propaganda and education of myopia in schools,reducing students’ academic burden,encouraging students to do eye exercises and ensuring students’ sleep time may be the key points of myopia prevention and control.