Distribution And Potential Risk Factors Of Bisphenol A In Serum And Urine Among Chinese

Objective: Bisphenol A(BPA)is a phenolic compound widely used in consumer products with endocrine disrupting properties and reproductive toxicity.BPA is also one of the synthetic substances that is produced the most in the globe.An increasing number of research have revealed that BPA can be introduced into food and environment through dissolution,migration and other mechanisms,and enter the human body through diet,drinking water,skin contact and lung inhalation.BPA has been found in a number of environmental media,food,and individuals.However,there are few research on the level of BPA exposure in the Chinese population,and there is a lack of core data and statistics on the degree of BPA exposure in people living in the various regions of the country at different times.As a result,literature on the detection of BPA in the general population’s urine and serum was gathered for this investigation.In order to provide reference data for the assessment of population exposure to BPA,the effects of environmental factors on serum and urine BPA levels in the Chinese population were examined using the Monte Carlo simulation method(MCS).The study covered the time,age,sex,and regional distribution of BPA exposure levels in China from 2004 to 2019.Methods: The following key terms were utilized in this study: "urine and bisphenol A and population," "serum and bisphenol A and population," "bisphenol A and human and China," and "Bisphenol A and Chinese." Between 2004 and 2021,a total of 145 research publications(104 urine studies and 41 serum studies)were gathered from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Weipu(VIP),Wanfang Data Chinese database,and Pub Med English database.Create a database from the information and data gathered from the collected literature,which should primarily include the titles,authors,regions,detection techniques,sample size,median,arithmetic mean,standard deviation,geometric mean,geometric standard deviation,confidence interval,and other statistical parameters.The groups were separated by sex,age,region,and year.The levels of BPA exposure in the urine and serum were examined after the original population data were simulated using MCS.In order to evaluate the effect of the environment on the level of BPA exposure,the study also gathered information on the quantity of domestic waste that was collected,the amount of domestic sewage released,and the amount of waste that was burnt by the Chinese population.Results: BPA levels in the blood and urine were measured for this investigation between 2004 and 2019.The findings of a MCS revealed that the amounts of BPA in urine and serum changed over time in a modest range.The overall level of BPA in urine was 1.60 ng/m L,and the concentration ranged from 1.30 ng/m L to 2.90 ng/m L,with the highest concentration in 2018-2019,and the geometric mean was 2.90 ng/m L.The overall level of serum BPA was 1.45 ng/m L,the concentration ranged from 1.07ng/m L to 2.54 ng/m L,and the highest concentration was found during 2016 to 2019,with a geometric mean of 2.54 ng/m L.The study examined 18 provinces across the country,with Guangdong(3.50 ng/m L),Zhejiang(2.57 ng/m L),and Fujian(2.15ng/m L)having the higher BPA urinary concentrations.In 15 provinces,the levels of serum BPA were examined.Shandong(5.80 ng/m L)and Jiangsu(9.14 ng/m L)had relatively high levels.The findings also revealed that males had greater BPA levels in their urine and serum than did females,and that children had higher BPA levels than did adults(P <0.001).Moreover,it was discovered that China had greater BPA levels than the US and Canada.Examination of the effects of the external environment reveals that there was a strong positive correlation between the level of urinary BPA and the amount of trash treated(r = 0.39,P < 0.05),the amount of domestic sewage discharged(r = 0.34,P < 0.05),and the content of waste incineration(r = 0.35,P <0.05).Conclusion: Urine and serum bisphenol A levels in the Chinese population fluctuated over time,and indicated an increasing trend over 2015-2019.Among them,coastal regions had greater serum and urine BPA concentrations than other sections of the nation.Moreover,BPA levels in urine were higher in China than they were in the US and Canada.Moreover,the volume of home waste removal,domestic sewage discharge,and waste incineration were also possible risk factors for urine BPA levels.