| Objective:1.To describe the foodborne epidemic characteristics of salmonella infection during 2016-2021 in Shanxi Province.2.To analyze the main risk factors of salmonella infection in Shanxi Province.3.To propose preventive measures according to the influencing factors of salmonella infection in Shanxi Province.Methods:Descriptive epidemiology methods was used to analyze and describe the epidemiological characteristics of salmonella infection in foodborne diseases from 2016 to 2021 in Shanxi Province.The data was based on the "Shanxi Province pathogenic factors and etiological food traceability platform for foodborne diseases".The time distribution,regional distribution,sex,age,food type and purchasing place of salmonella positive cases were described.The concentration method and circular distribution method were used to describe the seasonal distribution,peak time and epidemic period of salmonella infection.A 1:1 matched case-control study was used to analyze and explore the risk factors of salmonella infection in Shanxi Province.The control group was matched with the case group by age,sex and residence.The cases group and control group were investigated by questionnaire.Epidata was used to establish the database and input data.Data were collated and filtered using Excel.SPSS22.0 software was used for statistical analysis,Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between the count data,and conditional Logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between multiple factors and salmonella infection.The level of statistical significance for the difference was 0.05.Results:1.From 2016 to 2021,a total of 10037 cases were monitored,among which 527 samples were detected with salmonella,with a total detection rate of 5.25%.Among the monitored cases,children aged 0 to 10 accounted for 38.60%of the total cases,and in occupational distribution,scattered children and students accounted for 30.49%(3060/10037)and 14.15%(1420/10037)of the total cases,respectively.The infection rate of salmonella in female cases was slightly higher than that in male cases,but there was no significant difference in the detection rate between different genders.The positive salmonella detection rate was the highest(6.04%)in 0-10 years age group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=19.293,P=0.007).The positive detection rate of salmonella in nursery child was the highest at 10.71%,and the positive detection rate of salmonella was significantly different among different occupations(χ2=44.615,P<0.001).The highest positive detection rate of salmonella was found in May(9.36%),followed by June(7.51%)and December had the lowest positive detection rate(1.70%).the difference of detection rate in different months was statistically significant(χ2=106.457,P<0.001).According to the concentration method and the circular distribution method,salmonella infections have obvious seasonality,with the peak of the epidemic between April 25 and September 20 each year.Among the 11 cities in Shanxi Province,the positive detection rate of salmonella was the highest in Lvliang City(14.62%)and the lowest in Shuozhou City(0.79%).The analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate among different cities(χ2=135.001,P<0.001).In the analysis of suspicious exposed food,the detection rate of food processed by catering service units was higher than that of home-made food,but the difference was not statistically significant.The detection rate of bulk food was higher than that of pre-packaged food,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.425,P=0.035).The positive rate varies slightly among different types of food.Among them,the detection rate of multiple foods2 was the highest(8.02%),followed by eggs and egg products(7.52%),aquatic animals and their products(7.46%)and meat and meat products(7.24%).The difference of food type distribution was statistically significant(χ2=43.915,P<0.001).There are also differences in salmonella positive rates among exposed foods purchased at different locations,with the highest detection rate in food stores(9.54%),followed by 7.14%in retail markets and 6.81%in supermarkets.The analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the positive salmonella detection rate among different sites(χ2=20.215,P=0.005).2.A total of 168 people were investigated in this study,including 84 in the case group and 84 in the control group.There were 82 males(48.81%)and 86 females(51.19%),with an average age of 25.30 years old.There was no significant difference in education and occupation between the case group and the control group.Univariate analysis was conducted on medical history,travel history,hygiene habits and 5-day eating history.The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the case group and the control group in taking drugs,poor family hygiene habits,eating chicken and half-cooked eggs within 5 days(χ2=10.088,P=0.001;χ2=14.000,P=0.001;χ2=8.400,P=0.004;χ2=14.894,P<0.001).The possible factors of salmonella infection were incorporated into the multivariate logistic regression model,and the results showed that the proportion of drug use in the case group was higher than that in the control group(OR=16.454,95%CI:1.974-137.141);There were more people with poor hygiene practices in the case group(OR=2.830,95%CI:1.411～5.676);Consumption of chicken and partially cooked eggs 5 days prior to the investigation were risk factors for salmonella infection(OR=2.137,95%CI:1.032-4.423;OR=3.062,95%CI:1.408～6.656).Conclusions:1.Salmonella infection in foodborne diseases occurs frequently in summer and autumn,and there are regional differences.Food stores and bulk food are more likely to cause salmonella infection.Supervision and management should be strengthened on the hygiene of food stores,as well as the transportation and storage environment of bulk food.At the peak of the epidemic,we should focus on nursery children.2.The high risk factors of salmonella infection include drug history,poor household hygiene habits,consumption of chicken and soft-boiled eggs in Shanxi Province.In daily life,we should improve the awareness of personal protection,avoid cross contamination.Secondly,health management should be strengthened,and the daily health supervision and quarantine of meat and egg products should be strengthened to prevent contaminated food from flowing into the market. |
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