Research On Virtual Spine Drilling Technology Based On Force Feedback

Bone tissue drilling is a common and high-risk surgical procedure in orthopedic surgery that requires lengthy surgical training.Traditional spine surgery training methods involve using cadavers or spinal specimens,which can be ethically restrictive,costly,and inefficient.In recent years,virtual spine surgery training systems have emerged as a new way for physicians to train.However,these systems suffer from the lack of real-time mechanical models,sudden force changes during spine drilling,and the potential for mistouching during the procedure.To address these issues,a virtual spine drilling training system was developed.First,an accurate 3D model of the spine is constructed using the surface-voxel method.This involves extracting CT images of the spine using image segmentation methods.The CT images are then pre-processed using histogram equalization,image filtering,and image sharpening techniques to reduce noise and improve contrast.The surface-voxel model is established using surface model algorithms and body drawing algorithms.Second,a mechanical model based on finite element analysis is proposed to establish the algorithm for haptic interaction.The mechanical model is obtained by performing finite element simulations on both the twist drill and spine models,taking into account parameters such as bone density,feed rate,and rotational speed of the drill.After obtaining the mechanical model,it is optimized,and the real grayscale values from CT images are used instead of bone density parameters to make the model more realistic.Again,To further address the issues of sudden force changes caused by the short moving distance of the surgical tool and the transition from drilling into an idle state during the process,a force buffering and linear decay algorithm is proposed to provide smooth feedback force.Additionally,to address the sensitivity of high force feedback that leads to difficult calibration and surgical tool vibration,a restricted drilling path algorithm is proposed to ensure that the tool does not move excessively during the drilling procedure.Finally,this paper integrates the aforementioned algorithms with other open-source frameworks to develop a virtual spinal drilling surgery training system.