| Citri Grandis Exocarpium is the immature or nearly mature dry outer peel of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’,a Rutaceae plant,is a medicine in cough suppression,phlegm,and emollient lungs,which has marked efficacy in most populations,making it difficult to administer one medicine during an outbreak.Citri Grandis Exocarpium was included in the list of recommended medicines for the new crown diagnosis and treatment regimen by the National Health Commission on five consecutive occasions,and it plays an important role in the prevention and control battle against outbreaks.Flavonoids and aroma compounds are the core quality indicators of the quality of Citri Grandis Exocarpium,.In this study,the flavonoid medicinal components of Citri Grandis Exocarpium were detected to establish mass fingerprints,and further,the volatile aroma compounds of Citri Grandis Exocarpium were detected and deconstructed to obtain the Citri Grandis Exocarpium aroma substances,which may provide a basis for the development and refined processing and utilization of the Citri Grandis Exocarpium industry.The research results are as follows:(1)Citri Grandis Exocarpium based proplant traits observation.Observation of the leaf,fruit,and flower traits of citrons,Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ based original plant,which are differentiated into orthohairy,parahairy,and hairless lines,revealed that the villus density is an important basis for differentiating lines,and can be divided into orthohairy,parahairy,and hairless lines,with the villus density decreasing gradually;There was no obvious difference in the floral apparatus,which has both primary and anthesis stages,mainly white inflorescences with open 4～5 lobes at the anthesis stage;The leaf length was 12.20～14.40 cm,showed green reciprocal single compound leaves with villi on both sides.It is generally believed that the denser the surface villi of the fruit,the better the quality,and the hairy “Zheng Jin Mao”,“Xi Yang” are excellent strains of Citri Grandis Exocarpium.(2)Medicinal ingredient detection of different strains of Citrus grandis‘Tomentosa’.Content analysis of flavonoids in the homogenized orange red fruit peels at 330 nm and 280 nm wavelengths,respectively,revealed that a total of 12 consensus peaks were marked by the 27 quantified Citri Grandis Exocarpium samples,among which naringin content was greater than that of the other six flavonoids identified.The contents of naringin and wild anacardin in different lines were 13.77～127.21mg/g,11～35.97mg/g,among them,naringin was found to be highest in the orthodromic lines.(3)Comparative analysis of aroma compounds of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’fruit.Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,we characterized the volatile profile of fruit peels from six citron lines and detected a total of 40 terpenoids,including d-limonene,β-Myrcene,γ-Terpinene,α-Mainly,10 aroma components,such as pinene,d-limonene was highly abundant in six Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ strains and was the most abundant in “Wu Mao”;Comparing the variability between samples,the resulting 15 for α-Terpinene representative differential substances.Comprehensive analysis showed that “Zheng Jin Mao” clustered significantly apart from the other lines with the highest degree of divergence,β-Pinene,elemene are the characteristic constituents.(4)Citri Grandis Exocarpium key is an deconstructed aroma substance.The identification of key aroma compounds of Citri Grandis Exocarpium by gas chromatography olfactometer combined with sensory testing revealed that a total of 27 aroma compounds were detected,the highest being D-limonene with a mass concentration of 238.35 μ g/m L.After electronic nose screening(FD > 9 and OAV ≥ 1),the key aroma compounds of the positively colored orange red color were tert butyl formate,α-Pinene,geranyl formate,and β-Terpinenes,which cause the Citri Grandis Exocarpium to exhibit a meroid,heavy aroma of resinous pine and,at the same time,a young leaf aroma of Rosa.(5)Optimization of the Extraction Process of Citri Grandis Exocarpium Essential Oil.Using fresh and ripe Citri Grandis Exocarpium peels as raw materials,the optimal process parameters for supercritical CO2 extraction were determined as follows: extraction temperature of 36℃,extraction pressure of 27 MPa,and extraction time of 1.9 hours.In summary,this study establishes the basis for distinguishing the morphological differences and medicinal components of Citri Grandis Exocarpium Nursery in the Citri Grandis Exocarpium Production Area of Huazhou City,Guangdong Province.Based on 38 volatile substances detected from 6 Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ strains,the differences between different samples were compared;Six kinds of flavonoids were identified in 27 samples of Citrus grandis by HPLC,among which the Naringin content of "Zhengjinmao" strain was the highest;On the basis of the above,GC-O-MS was used to analyze the key aroma forming substances of "Zhengjinmao",distinguishing authentic Citri Grandis Exocarpium from others from the perspective of aroma.At the same time,this study optimized the extraction method of Citri Grandis Exocarpium essential oil,bringing practical benefits to the industry.The research results provide a theoretical basis and reference value for the development and utilization of citrus resources and the research and development of medicinal citrus products. |
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