| Chapter I Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized Children with InfluenzaObjective: To analyze the epidemiological data of hospitalized children with influenza at a single center in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2021,and to understand the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric influenza in the Shenzhen area.Method: A total of 1226 pediatric patients diagnosed with influenza and hospitalized in Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital from January 1,2013,to December31,2021,were included as the subjects of this study.SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze the distribution of influenza subtypes(type A,type B),demographic characteristics(gender,age),seasonal patterns(spring,summer,autumn,winter),and annual variations.Results:(1)Among the 1226 hospitalized pediatric patients with influenza,49.3%(605 cases)were infected with influenza A,while 50.7%(621 cases)were infected with influenza B.There was no significant difference in the distribution of influenza A and B subtypes(P>0.05).(2)The gender distribution showed that out of the 1226 cases,61.3%(751 cases)were male and 38.7%(475 cases)were female,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.58:1.There was no significant difference in the incidence rates of influenza A and B between genders(P>0.05).(3)The age distribution revealed that among the hospitalized pediatric patients with influenza from 2013 to 2021,28.1%(344/1226)were aged 1 month to 1 year,24.5%(300/1226)were aged 1-3 years,30.6%(375/1226)were aged 3-5 years,and 16.9%(207/1226)were older than 5 years.Infants aged 1 month to 1 year accounted for approximately one-third of all patients,and children under 5 years old comprised 83.1% of the total hospitalized influenza cases.(4)The positive detection rates of influenza viruses among hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections over the 9-year period were as follows: 3.66%(306/8366)in spring,4.1%(334/8142)in summer,0.72%(61/8477)in autumn,and 6.17%(522/8460)in winter.(5)The positive detection rate of influenza viruses experienced a significant decrease after the "COVID-19" pandemic compared to before the pandemic,with a statistically significant difference.Conclusion: From 2013 to 2021,there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of influenza A(IFA)and influenza B(IFB)viruses among hospitalized pediatric influenza patients in a single center in Shenzhen.Male patients had a higher incidence of hospitalized influenza cases than female patients.Children under 5 years old constituted the majority of hospitalized influenza cases.Influenza virus activity in Shenzhen was predominantly observed during the winter season,with minor peaks in spring and summer.The decrease in positive detection rates of influenza after the "COVID-19" pandemic is likely attributed to the public health measures implemented to control the spread of influenza viruses.Chapter 2 Clinical Characteristics of Influenza in Hospitalized Pediatric PatientsObjective: This retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical data of hospitalized pediatric patients with influenza,including clinical manifestations,physical signs,laboratory data,treatment,and length of hospital stay,over a 9-year period.The findings provide valuable insights for the diagnosis,early recognition of critical illness,and treatment prognosis of hospitalized pediatric influenza patients.Methods: The study included 1226 pediatric patients hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics at Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital with laboratory-confirmed influenza between January 1,2013,and December 31,2021.SPSS26.0 statistical software was used to analyze the relationship between disease severity(mild,severe,critical),pneumonia,bacterial infection,antibiotic use,and length of hospital stay.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing a hospital stay of more than 5 days.Results:(1)The common clinical symptoms among the 1226 hospitalized pediatric influenza patients were analyzed.The majority of cases presented with fever(96.1%),cough(74.3%),nasal congestion and rhinorrhea(33.1%),gastrointestinal symptoms(18.8%),neurological symptoms(17.1%),chills(7.4%),and wheezing(2.6%).The proportion of wheezing was 6.1%(21/347)in patients under 1 year old,1.7%(5/302)in the age group of 1-3 years,0.8%(3/377)in the age group of 3-5 years,and 0.5%(1/207)in children over 5 years old.(2)The peak temperature in children under 1 year old(39.01±0.65℃)was slightly lower than that in children aged ≥1 year(39.67±0.51℃ for 1-3 years old,39.72±0.62℃ for 3-5 years old,and 39.74±0.61℃ for over 5 years old),with a statistically significant difference.(3)Among hospitalized influenza patients,59.5% of influenza A cases and 51.9% of influenza B cases were complicated by pneumonia,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Different age groups showed higher rates of pneumonia in the 1-3years old,3-5 years old,and over 5 years old groups compared to the group under 1 year old(P<0.05).(4)Antibiotic usage rates varied across different age groups: 26.8% for infants under1 year old,32.1% for 1-3 years old,38.7% for 3-5 years old,and 42.5% for over 5 years old(P<0.001).(5)The proportions of mild cases were 42.6% for influenza A and 57.4% for influenza B,while severe cases accounted for 53.7% of influenza A cases and 46.3% of influenza B cases.Among critically ill patients,60% were infected with influenza A and40% with influenza B.(6)Factors associated with a hospital stay of more than 5 days included age,disease severity(severe and critical),wheezing,cough,and pneumonia.Conclusion: Influenza is characterized by symptoms such as fever and respiratory manifestations.The peak temperature alone should not be solely relied upon to assess disease severity.Influenza A is more likely to be complicated by pneumonia compared to influenza B.The use of Antibiotic increases with age among hospitalized pediatric influenza patients.Influenza A infections are more likely to result in severe and critical illness compared to influenza B infections.It is crucial to identify factors associated with prolonged hospital stays and aim to reduce the duration of hospitalization while ensuring patient safety.. |
PDF Full Text Request