Analysis Of Common Chronic Diseases And Their Influencing Factors Among The Elderly Aged 65 And Above In A Community In Shenzhen

Background: With the development of social economy,the improvement of medical and health conditions and the improvement of pension security system,the average life expectancy of the global population is gradually increasing,and the population aging is becoming more and more serious.Data show that the proportion of the world’s population aged 60 years and older increased from 9.1% to 12.3% between 1990 and 2015,and is projected to reach 22% by 2050.As of midnight on November 1,2020,the elderly population aged 60 and above in China had reached 264 million,accounting for about 18.70% of the total population.However,due to the generally low health literacy,the elderly are at increased risk of suffering from various diseases,especially chronic non-communicable diseases with high prevalence and low treatment and control rates,which seriously affect the physical and mental health of the elderly.Grassroots medical and health service institutions are the forefront of protecting the physical and mental health of community residents,and general practitioners are the "gatekeepers" of community residents’ health.Therefore,general practitioners should timely grasp the health status of the elderly in their area and its influencing factors,formulate targeted health education plans in line with the characteristics of the local community,and put forward reasonable suggestions for the formulation of relevant policies,so as to reduce the incidence of complications of related diseases,reduce mortality,improve the quality of life of the elderly,and strive to achieve "healthy aging".Methods: Data source: A total of 4122 patients aged 65 years and above were collected from January 2021 to December 2021 from a community in Shenzhen(185 patients with incomplete data were excluded,and 3937 patients with complete data were included).Demographic characteristics(age,sex,household registration,education level,medical insurance,marital status,occupation),history of hypertension and diabetes,height,weight,waist circumference,frequency of physical exercise,dietary habits,smoking,alcohol consumption,fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,blood uric acid,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol and other indicators,to analyze the health status of the elderly community and its influencing factors.Statistical Methods: Excel 2016 software was used for data collection,SPSS 25.0 software and Jamovi software were used for statistical analysis.The adoption rate or composition ratio of qualitative data(gender,age,household registration,education level,occupation,marital status,medical insurance,frequency of physical exercise,diet habits,smoking,drinking,hypertension,diabetes,BMI,abdominal obesity,HUA,blood lipid,TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C)were expressed.Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted for hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,abdominal obesity and HUA.Chisquare test was used for univariate analysis and unconditioned binary logistics regression was used for multivariate analysis.Test level(?=0.05)Results: 1.A total of 3937 data of elderly people undergoing community health examination in 2021 were collected,including 1790 males(45.47%)and 2147 females(54.53%).The detection of chronic diseases and abnormal indicators: hypertension 1563(39.70%);Diabetes mellitus 769(19.53%);overweight 1526(38.76%)and obese 436(11.07%),abdominal obesity 1866(47.40%);HUA 864(21.95%);dyslipidemia 2464(62.59%). 2.The results of univariate regression analysis of health status showed that:(1)there were statistically significant differences in hypertension in age,education,BMI,abdominal obesity,frequency of physical exercise,dietary habits,smoking and other aspects(P<0.05);(2)There were statistically significant differences in gender,age,education level,BMI,abdominal obesity,frequency of physical exercise,smoking and drinking in diabetes mellitus(P<0.05);(3)Dyslipidemia had statistically significant differences in gender,age,occupation,marital status,BMI,abdominal obesity,smoking status and drinking status(P<0.05);(4)There were statistically significant differences in abdominal obesity in gender,age,occupation,frequency of physical exercise and smoking status(P<0.05);(5)There were statistically significant differences in hyperuricemia in gender,education level,occupation,BMI,abdominal obesity,frequency of physical exercise,smoking and drinking(P<0.05).3.The results of multivariate unconditioned binary logistic regression analysis of health status showed that:(1)Risk factors for hypertension include age(70~,75~),BMI(normal,overweight and obese),abdominal obesity,frequency of physical exercise(more than once a week,occasionally and no exercise),smoking status(quit smoking and smoking),and so on;Protective factors may be included alcohol consumption(occasional,frequent and daily).(2)Diabetes risk factors include female,age(75~),BMI(normal,overweight and obese),abdominal obesity,smoking status(quit smoking and smoking),and so on;Protective factors may be included alcohol consumption(occasional,frequent and daily).(3)Risk factors for dyslipidemia include female,BMI(normal,overweight and obese)and abdominal obesity;Protective factors may be included none occupation and age(70~,75~).(4)Risk factors for abdominal obesity may be include female,age(75~),frequency of physical exercise(more than once a week,occasionally and no exercise);Protective factors include smoking status(smoking).(5)Risk factors for hyperuricemia include BMI(overweight and obesity)and abdominal obesity;Protective factors include female.Conclusion: 1.The prevalence rates of common chronic diseases among the elderly in this community from high to low were dyslipidemia(62.59%),abdominal obesity(47.4%),hypertension(39.70%),overweight(38.76%),hyperuricemia(21.95%),diabetes(19.53%)and obesity(11.07%).2.Older age,being overweight or obese,abdominal obesity,lack of physical exercise,smoking may be the elderly hypertension risk factors,drinking may be protective factors.3.Female,age,being overweight or obese,abdominal obesity,smoking and so on may be the risk factors of diabetes in the elderly,drinking may be the protective factors.4.Female,overweight or obesity,abdominal obesity may be the risk factors for dyslipidemia in the elderly,and non-occupation,old age may be the protective factors.5.Female,older age,lack of physical exercise may be the risk factors of abdominal obesity in the elderly,smoking may be a protective factor.6.Overweight or obese,abdominal obesity may be high uric acid hematic disease risk factors in the elderly,female may be a protective factor.