Study On Biological Activity And Active Components Of 10 Plant Essential Oils

Objective:This paper aims to study the electrophysiological and behavioral reactivity of 10plant essential oils against the Solenopsis invicta Buren,Drosophila melanogaster Meigen,and Drosophila suzukii Matsumura,as well as their active component analysis,antibacterial activity,and anti-tumor cell activity.In order to seek volatile components with significant repellent or attractant activity against insects,as well as antibacterial and anti-tumor active components,from plant-based essential oils,and lay the foundation for the research and development of plant-based repellents or attractants,fungicides,and anti-tumor cell active components.Methods:（1）We use steam distillation to extract 10 plant essential oils,including Syringa oblata,Osmanthus fragrans,Schizonepeta tenusfolia,Pogostemon cablin,Angelica dahurica,Cnidium monnieri,Ulmus pumila,Sophora japonica,Ailanthus altissima,and Cinnamomum cassia,and its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）;（2）We studied the electrophysiological,repellent or attractant activities of 10 plant essential oils against Solenopsis invicta Buren,Drosophila melanogaster Meigen,and Drosophila suzukii Matsumura by Electroantennography combined with behavioral response,and analyzed the active components by Electroantennography（EAG）and gas chromatography Electroantennography（GC-EAD）;（3）We measured the antibacterial activities of 10plant essential oils and their components against 6 bacteria and 5 plant pathogenic fungi in vitro using a 96 well plate double dilution method and a mycelial growth inhibition method;（4）We used the MTT method to determine the anti-tumor cell activities of 10 plant essential oils on leukemia cell line K562 and human cervical cancer cell line Hela cells in vitro.Results:（1）The GC-MS analysis results showed that the main components of S.oblata,S.tenusfolia,O.fragrans,U.pumila,S.japonica,A.altissima,A.dahurica,C.cassia,P.cablin,and C.monnieri were eugenol（82.65%）,pulegone（64.99%）,dibutyl phthalate（37.95%）,decanoic acid（58.70%）,phenylethyl alcohol（20.62%）,cyclohexane（11.82%）,linoleic acid（11.56%）,cinnamaldehyde（50.88%）,patchouli alcohol（42.37%）,β-asarone（49.54%）,respectively.（2）The results of bioassay showed that 10 kinds of plant essential oils had different degrees of EAG reaction to red fire ants,and had similar behavioral reaction activities.The essential oils of S.tenusfolia,U.pumila,O.fragrans,A.altissima and P.cablin have high repellent activity against red fire ants,when the concentration was1000μg/m L,the repellent rate of S.tenusfolia essential oil against small worker ants was the highest,reaching 85%.In addition,the essential oils of S.japonica and C.monnieri have certain attractant activities against female ants,,with the highest attraction rates of 2μg/m L,reaching 77.5%.However,10 plant essential oils also have certain electrophysiological responses and repellent activities against D.melanogaster and D.suzukii.When the concentration was 1000μg/m L,the electrophysiological reactions of O.fragrans,P.cablin,and C.monnieri essential oils were relatively strong,and their repellent activities were greater than 60%.Based on the electrophysiological and behavioral responses of 10 plant essential oils to S.invicta,D.melanogaster and D.suzukii,the electrophysiological active components of 10 plant essential oils were further analyzed using GC-EAD,and verify the electrophysiological and behavioral responses of 17 compounds to red fire ants.The results showed that the EAG reaction intensity increased with increasing concentration,and the repellency rates of limonene,2-acetylfuran,and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene all exceeded 70%on the 1000μg/m L.（3）The results of inhibiting bacteria showed that 10 plant essential oils and components had similar inhibitory activity against S.aureus,and S.tenusfolia essential oil was the strongest,with MIC of 500 mg/L.In addition,S.oblata essential oil and its component（eugenol）showed strong antibacterial activity against five kinds of bacteria,and the strongest inhibitory activity against P.aeruginosa,with MIC of250 mg/L.C.cassia essential oil and its component（cinnamaldehyde）have antibacterial activity against 6 kinds of bacteria.C.cassia essential oil has the strongest antibacterial activity against B.subtilis,C.perfringens and P.solanacearum,cinnamaldehyde has the strongest antibacterial activity against E.coli,S.aureus,and P.solanacearum,with MIC of 500 mg/L.At the same time,S.japonica essential oil has the strongest antibacterial effect on E.coli,with MIC of 500 mg/L.The results of fungal inhibition showed that 10 kinds of plant essential oils and components had varying degrees of antibacterial activity against C.destructans,F.solani,R.solani,P.cinnamomi,A.tenuissima.S.oblata essential oil has the strongest inhibitory activity against five fungi,with EC₅₀values between 128.82-301.99 mg/L,followed by C.cassia and C.monnieri essential oil,with EC₅₀values ranging from199.55-407.38 mg/L and 165.96-645.65 mg/L,respectively.Meanwhile,eugenol and cinnamaldehyde also showed strong antibacterial activity,with an inhibition rate of over 89%on the 1000 mg/L.The antibacterial activities of S.tenusfolia,P.cablin and O.fragrans are similar,with EC₅₀values ranging was 524.80-1174.90 mg/L.However,the antibacterial activity of essential oils from U.pumila,S.japonica,A.altissima and A.dahurica was weak.（4）When the concentration was 100μg/m L,the anti-tumor cell results showed that 10 plant essential oils had certain inhibitory activity on K562 and Hela cells.Among them,C.cassia essential oil has the strongest inhibitory activity on K562 and Hela cells,with 87.02%and 88.44%,respectively;The inhibitory activity of P.cablinon K562 and Hela cells was strong,with 63.77%and 52.85%,respectively;The inhibitory activity of other essential oils was weak.In addition,When the concentration was 1000μg/m L,the inhibitory activities of cinnamaldehyde and patchouli alcohol on K562 and Hela cell lines were both greater than 70%.Conclusion:The 10 plant essential oils and their active components not only exhibit varying degrees of electrophysiological and behavioral reactivity to a variety of insects,but also exhibit strong biological activity in terms of antibacterial and anti-tumor cell activity,providing a material basis and scientific basis for the development of botanical repellents or attractants,fungicides,and anti-tumor cell active components.The 10 plant essential oils and their components have electrophysiological,repellent or attractant activities against S.invicta,D.melanogaster,and D.suzukii,as well as antibacterial and anti-tumor cell activities,it can provide a material basis and scientific basis for the research and development of plant-based repellents or attractants,fungicides,and anti-tumor cell active ingredients.