| This paper,taking the Prophecy and Apocrypha in the period of the Han Dynasty as the research object,will discuss the rise and development process of Prophecy and Apocrypha,as well as the composition of eighty-one graphic prophecies written by Emperor Guang Wu in the early Eastern Han Dynasty.By promoting the solution of such basic problems,it is expected to refresh the academic circle’s cognition of the original appearance of Prophecy and Apocrypha in the Han Dynasty.The first part takes the politics,prophecy and the social trend of thought as the breakthrough point to re-examine the rise and development course of prophecy in the Han Dynasty."The destiny of the Han Dynasty will be lost" was the judgment of the"Taoists"in the late Western Han Dynasty,which was deduced from the astrology,the observation of many disasters and the current situation,and rose to the consensus of the government and opposition due to the weakening of the dynasty,so "hating the Han Dynasty" became the general social trend of thought at that time.Before Wang Mang came to power,though the prophecy of God or saints to foretell the regime Change appeared sporadically,it was always rejected by the mainstream politics and academia of the Western Han Dynasty and did not have a substantial impact.It was not until the fifth year(5)of Yuan Shi of Emperor Ping of Han Dynasty that Wang Mang took advantage of the order of " Wang Mang will be emperor"to seize his exclusive power.Thus,the prophecy began to play a real role and spread everywhere.Although the prophecy of the Han Dynasty was born out of the social trend of thought of "Han-hating",its political power was given by Wang Mang.Wang Mang first made Fu Ming and then publicized Fu Ming with authority.Fu Ming was widely disseminated,thus laying the social foundation for his usurpation of the throne.Meanwhile,the prophecy also became an ideological means widely accepted by the people.However,because of Wang Mang’s perversion after he proclaimed himself emperor,the politics became more chaotic and the social trend of thought Changed from "Hating Han" to "Thinking Han".The prophecy became a tool for many forces to attack Wang Mang and build their own political legitimacy.Since then,with the establishment of the Eastern Han regime and the promotion of the unification of Emperor Guang Wu,"the Han Dynasty was ordered again" gradually became a social consensus,and Guang Wu was committed to the correction and interpretation of the existing book of prophecy,and absorbed a lot of knowledge,theoretical and thought resources,the final book is eighty-one graphic prophecies,and the main body of prophetical documents was established.In general,and prophetic-mixed is essentially said more involvement in Han dynasty political field,and with "Hating Han" and"Thinking Han" in the result of the interaction,at the same time,its content is not built in a consistent.There are three stages of evolution in fact.The Fu Ming of Wang Mang and the graphic prophecies of Emperor Guang Wu,though same in nature,not only depend on different social ideological trend,but also have different political demands.The second part investigates the composition of eighty-one graphic prophecies through the concept of "Seven Classics" and "Seven Wei".Eighty-one graphic prophecies made by Emperor Guang Wu have been lost for a long time.Therefore,the literature structure division of "He Tu","Luo Shu" and"Seven Wei" in Suishu Jingjizhi,and " Seven Wei" annotated by Li Xian in the biography of Fan Ying of Houhanshu have become important references for future generations to study prophecy.However,the appearance of "Seven Classics" and the rise of " Seven Wei"started from the late eastern Han dynasty,these names didn’t exist before.With the lost of eighty-one graphic prophecies since the Wei and Jin dynasties,its original features also became blurred.People are influenced by such a view:apocrypha is here to assist classic.In a result,the concept of" Seven Classics" is united with " apocrypha"and "Seven Wei" was used to name "Classic’s Prophecy".Therefore,the records of"Sui Zhi" and Li Xian’s annotations have the composition of retrospection and reconstruction in later ages,and since the Tang Dynasty,because the diagram prophetic survey was only found in "Sui Zhi" and Li Xian’s annotations,so far it has been widely accepted.In addition to the so-called"Seven Wei",there is still the Analects of Confucius Prophecy in Han Dynasty,which was refered cleared by The Baihu Tongyi.Zhang Heng’s memorial to the throne also mentioned that "He Tu","Luo Shu" and "Liu Yi" were inalterable,given its comment on the Liu Xiang and Liu Xin had sorted out the literature,and "Liu Yi" includes the Analects of Confucius,so the Analects of Confucius Prophecy also belongs to eighty-one graphic prophecies.However,the later scholars was so constrained by concept of "Seven Classics" and the number of contents that excluded it."He Tu" and "Luo Shu" in the prophecy were neglected by the Confucian scholars after the Eastern Han Dynasty,because they had little connection with Confucian classics.Although they were still in the prophecy system,they were out of the horizon of Confucian classics.Some of the "Luo Shu"even disappeared in the Tang Dynasty.In a word,after the Eastern Han Dynasty,under the influence of "Seven Classics"and "Apocrypha",the existence of eighty-one graphic prophecies had been mixed into the views of Prophecy and Apocrypha since the Wei and Jin Dynasties.Therefore,attention should be paid to the Prophecy and Apocrypha in the study of the Han Dynasty. |
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