A Study On John Searle’s Emergentism

This paper is a study of John Searle’s philosophy of mind.In view of the mental and physical problems of traditional philosophy of mind,Searle put forward the spiritual theory of biological naturalism.This paper tries to examine the theory of emergentism as its core thought,explain its thought as a whole,and reveal its difficult problem of reductive theory.It also points out the possibility of examining emergentism from the perspective of phenomenology.First of all,this paper briefly describes the development of the theory of emergentism,reflects the historical coordinates of the theory from the vertical dimension,discusses the dilemma of the traditional dualism,and explains the inevitability of the emergence of the theory with horizontal comparison.Through the synthesis of two aspects,to clarify the historical background of the establishment of the theory.Secondly,it elaborates the construction process of Searle’s emergentism.Searle criticizes the dualistic antithesis term of traditional philosophy of mind and puts forward the emergentism of biological naturalism based on common sense.It is manifested as the causality at the micro level,and the model composition is used to reflect it intuitively.After that,it discusses the characteristics of the individual mind.As the main feature of the emergence,the non-reduction is manifested,and once it is produced,it will have the uniqueness of the first person perspective.At the same time,the emergence must depend on the objective background,which is the prerequisite for the possibility of the emergence.Then,the study of the social level in the emergence of ideas.It includes the following three aspects:how collective intentionality emerges from individual intentionality;collective intentionality has the characteristics of non-reduction;collective intentionality participates in the construction process of social reality.Finally,This paper analyzes the challenges and problems encountered before the reduction theory of Searle’s emergentism,and tries to examine these problems from the perspective of phenomenology and think about further improvement strategies.In order to help promote the study of Searle’s emergentism and philosophy of mind related issues.