Research On The Institute Of Antiquities Exhibition Of University Of Nanking

The museum is not only a collection of precious cultural relics,but also an important institution of social education and academic research,and one of the symbols of national civilization.Although there has been no lack of antiquities collection and gold and stone research in China since ancient times,the museum,which is open to the general public and popularizes social education,is a new phenomenon developed in modern times.The establishment process,operation mode and social influence of the museum should be one of the key points in the study of modern social history.Since modern times,the establishment of Chinese Museum mainly exists in two systems: one is the museum founded by the government,and the most famous one is the Palace Museum in Beijing.The Palace Museum,founded in October 1925,is the Palace Museum of Ming and Qing Dynasties and its collection Museum established by the Beiyang government on the basis of the original site of the Forbidden City.It is the largest ancient culture museum in China.Second,museums are set up by various universities or social education institutions.Statistics show that before 1949,there were less than 80 museums in China,17 of which were affiliated to universities,and 6 of them appeared in Christian universities.In the past,there have been many researches on the National Museum such as the Palace Museum,but the research on the museum attached to the university is still very limited.This is not only a pity in the field of modern museum research,but also a deficiency in the field of modern higher education research in China,which needs to be made up by relevant research.In addition,although the museums set up by the government often have the characteristics of large scale and many collections,they also have a greater impact on the culture and education of the public.However,in addition to its openness and public influence,university museums are often more unique in terms of collections.The collect of collections pays more attention to the relevance with the discipline setting and scientific research focus of the university itself,and has multiple functions of serving the society,educating students and promoting scientific research.Therefore,the research on Museum of University is an inevitable requirement to further explore the history of higher education and University,and it is a new direction in this research field.The Institute of antiquities exhibition of University of Nanking is one of the museums set up by universities in the period of the Republic of China.Its establishment is not only closely related to the whole social environment,but also closely related to the research orientation of the University.When John Calvin Ferguson donated a large number of private gold and stone relics to University of Nanking and asked for the establishment of a museum affiliated to the University,the purpose was to help the teaching and public education of the University.The College of Arts and culture of University of Nanking has a Chinese Culture Research Institute and a history and Archaeology major,especially the archaeology major needs a large number of cultural relics as teaching materials.This is based on the goal of the whole church to promote the development of higher education,and also provides a guarantee for the continuation of Chinese civilization and the strengthening of cultural research in the war era.Therefore,the exhibition of relics in University of Nanking has important research value in the field of educational history and cultural history.At the same time,at present,the Secondary Historical Archives of China has opened the complete archives of University of Nanking,and the archives of Nanjing University has also opened the relevant journals and books of University of Nanking,all of which provide the possibility for carrying out relevant.In view of the above considerations,based on a comprehensive and systematic review of the archives and related materials of University of Nanking,this paper studies the background and process of the preparation of the Institute of antiquities exhibition of University of Nanking,probes into the relationship between more than 50 years of Ferguson ’s experience in China and the establishment and trend of the Institute of antiquities exhibition of University of Nanking.Focuses on the analysis of the "gift and entrustment pact" and arranges all the first batch of articles The list of donated antiquities shows the institutional setting,meeting resolution and architectural plan of the antiquities Exhibition Center.On this basis,the paper attempts to explore the significance of the construction of the Institute of antiquities exhibition of University of Nanking and the role of the antiquities donated by John Calvin Ferguson in helping teaching and research.It is found that compared with the museums attached to other Christian universities,the exhibition of the Institute of antiquities exhibition of University of Nanking has all the following characteristics that need to be paid attention to: first,the transformation from private property of Michelson to university property of University of Nanking,the construction of the museum is entirely based on the private donation of Michelson.The construction of the Institute of antiquities exhibition of University was first proposed by John Calvin Ferguson,and it has the support of building the museum after the gift was realized.Second,third party display and exhibition.In the contact before the donation of cultural relics,University of Nanking does not have the conditions for proper preservation and exhibition at the architectural level.In order to ensure the safety of the cultural relics,the two sides decided to receive the gifts after University of Nanking completed the construction of certain scale and special style.The original intention of the cultural relics given by John Calvin Ferguson is to help the research of Chinese culture,so he hopes to open the exhibition to the outside world in a short time.In order to properly preserve the cultural relics and display them in the war environment,these antiquities were sent to the nearest Beiping antiquities exhibition center which was the most secure at that time.Therefore,for the first time,the collection of the Institute of antiquities exhibition of University is open to the public,which is first realized in a third party.Third,exogenous.It was initiated by the donor,not for the need of teaching and research.Fourth,historical museums.In terms of Museum classification,the museum prepared by University of Nanking is of historical type,which is different from the natural type museums attached to most Christian universities.Fifth,continuity.Although in the period of University of Nanking,the practice of building the Museum of antiquities in University of Nanking failed to come true,these antiquities did not disperse or be annihilated.After the adjustment of new China’s faculties and departments,it was incorporated into the new Nanjing University with University of Nanking and displayed in the museum affiliated to the University.The museum affiliated to Nanjing University inherits the building tenet of the Institute of antiquities exhibition of University in the aspects of opening and visiting,inviting scholars to give lectures,publishing research descriptions,etc.At the same time,the research holds that the Institute of antiquities exhibition of University not only preserved a large number of precious cultural relics for China,avoiding the damage and loss of cultural relics in wartime environment,but also based on the university itself,provided valuable teaching materials for China’s cultural education,and contributed to the research of related archaeological and historical issues.