Pass And The Management Of Political Space In The Qin And Western Han Dynasties

In this paper,the management of political space in the Qin and Western Han dynasties has been investigated over time,mainly through the use of heirloom documents and excavated documents such as documents,with Guan as the perspective.This paper argues that as one of the projections of the emperor’s power in the realm of the Qin and Han empires,the Qin and Western Han gates not only assume important military and economic functions,but also play an important role in the management of political space.In the Western Zhou political space constructed by Confucius,Guan was considered the furthest person from the "nine gates of the sons of heaven" and was of great significance.Up to the Spring and Autumn Period,Guan had a variety of properties,and since then,the military color of Guan has become increasingly strong,and the term "Guan block" began to appear in the literature of the Warring States.In the late Warring States period,the six eastern states were gradually incorporated into the Qin territory,in this "internal customs" trend,before the unification of the Qin people’s capital "state",that is,the "state gate" for the geographical boundary was demarcated.In the first 215 years,Qin Shi Huang implemented the policy of destroying the passes in Guandong during his fourth eastward tour,which led to the "irrelevant" situation in Guandong afterwards.At the same time,the Qin Empire still adopted the practice of managing the political space by the pass,using the Linjin and Hangu Passes as its borders and establishing the core area,the Great Guanzhong,in a broad sense.After the fall of the Qin Dynasty,the Han Empire inherited the Qin Dynasty’s system of blockade and formed a three-tiered political structure consisting of the Great Guanzhong and the Han counties and kingdoms outside the Guan,and issued laws to consolidate the central position in the Great Guanzhong.Under such a hierarchical political pattern,the abolition of the "Cancel Pass ",by the Han Emperor in the 12 th year of the first Yuan(168 BC),was of special significance.Unlike traditional interpretations,this paper argues that the " Cancel Pass " should be understood as Emperor Wen’s attempt to reorder the world in the early Han Dynasty.With this as an opportunity,Emperor Wen eliminated to a certain extent the distinction between "far" and "near" in the political structure of the imperial circle formed by the Jinguan Order and other laws and regulations,and the Han emperor began to try to intervene directly in the internal affairs of the vassal states.During the Yuanguang to Yuanding period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty,Liu Che used a series of policies to change the pass landscape since the Qin Dynasty,and the political space of the empire changed with it.The scope of the Great Guanzhong was greatly expanded through the definition of the southwestern ethnic minority,the new Qinzhong and the "Guangguan".During the Xin dynasty,the importance of the Great Guanzhong was no longer emphasized,and the four passes that General Wu Wei and the Four Passes held were set up for the control of the Ministry of the Secretaries that had emerged on the basis of the expansion of the Great Guanzhong.The installation of the Luoyang right passes in the late Eastern Han Dynasty to prevent the rebellion of the Yellow Turbans represented the dismantling of the political function of the blockade.