| In the Chinese teaching,vocabulary is an important component of language teaching,among which words about body-related metaphor and metonymy are one of the most basic and common categories.In this thesis,body-related metaphoric and metonymic words refers to a category of words containing the morpheme of human organs or parts,whose meanings were metaphorically or metonymically related to the meaning of one or several morphemes within the word,and the meanings of the words were different from the basic meanings,creating new and alternative meanings,With the continuous improvement of Chinese language learning,the studying level of international students is increasing,and the level and difficulty of the vocabulary they are used to are also increasing.There are many metaphoric and metonymic words,which are the important and difficult points for international students to learn Chinese.So,how to teach body-related metaphoric and metonymic words and how to improve the teaching effect is a problem that Chinese teachers need to explore and solve.Therefore,based on the cognitive linguistic theories of metaphor and metonymy,this thesis presented a comprehensive and systematic study of body-related metaphor and metonymy,using the bodyrelated metaphoric and metonymic words in Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education implemented in 2021 and three Chinese textbooks as the corpus.Firstly,based on the definition of body-related metaphoric and metonymic words,it counted 1324 body-related words in Grading Standards and Boya Chinese,Developing Chinese and HSK Standard Course,among which 903 were body-related metaphoric and metonymic words,accounting for a relatively high percentage.And the number of body-related metonymic words are more than the number of body-related metaphoric words.Metonymy plays an important role in the formation and development of body-related words.Secondly,according to the distribution of body-related metaphoric and metonymic words in Grading Standards and Chinese textbooks,the word formation characteristics of bodyrelated metaphoric and metonymic words were analyzed.It was found that in terms of lexical types,the number of body-related metaphoric and metonymic nouns was the largest;in terms of metaphoric types,the number of post-metaphoric body-related metaphoric and metonymic words was the largest,followed by pre-metaphoric,and the number of fully metaphoric words was the smallest;and in terms of structure types,the number of body-related compound metaphoric and metonymic words is the largest,reaching 838.Thirdly,the distribution of body-related metaphor and metonymy in the three Chinese textbooks was analyzed in terms of lexical overlap and difficulty level adaptation,and the lexical overlap rate between the three international Chinese textbooks and Grading Standards could reach over 66%,with the highest rate of 7 7%in Boya Chinese.In terms of difficulty level adaptation,the correspondence rate is generally low,below 60%,with Boya Chinese being the lowest,at around 35%.Fourthly,it analyzed the whole body-related metaphoric and metonymic words to explore their metaphoric and metonymic constitutive features and generating paths,and then built eight networks("head" "face" "eyes" "mouth""body" "hands" "foot" "heart")of derivation of the meanings of body-related metaphoric and metonymic words,so that intermediate and advanced Chinese learners could have a more systematic understanding and grasp of body-related words and their metaphoric and metonymic meanings.Finally,based on the results of the study of body-related metaphoric and metonymic words in Grading Standards and Chinese textbooks,it explored the teaching strategies and suggestions of body-related metaphoric and metonymic words from three dimensions:textbook compilation,teacher teaching and student learning,and provided new methods for teaching Chinese from the cognitive perspective. |
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