The Reflection And Transcendence Of "Possessive Individual" In Marx’s Thought Of "Species Subject"

The reflection and transcendence of "Possessive Individual" has become one of the most concerned theoretical and practical problem in the development of contemporary philosophy."Possessive Individual" is an individual subject in modern capitalist society based on Descartes’ s "Cogito subject" and characterized by possessiveness.On the one hand,the possessive nature of "Possessive Individual" breeds modern individual rights,liberates the individual from the abstract community of traditional society and the absolute rule of Divine God,and promotes the awakening of subjectivity;On the other hand,the "Possessive Individual",based on the "Cogito subject",is trapped in the metaphysical abstractness and arbitrariness,and not only falls into the "Subject-centered dilemma" in theory,but also falls into the "Subject-centered dilemma",in practice,individualism and anthropocentrism are pushed to the tide of the times,resulting in the nihility of individual value and the division of social life.Nowadays,the double predicament of this kind of "Possessive Individual" has become more and more obvious.How to understand the inner nature of modern "Possessive Individual" and how to transcend the deep dilemma of "Possessive Individual" has become an important theme of modern and contemporary Western philosophy.Faced with this important issue,some thinkers have conducted profound reflections on it from different theoretical perspectives,providing various theoretical solutions for transcending the paradox of existence of "Possessive Individual".Among them,philosophers such as Heidegger and Habermas advocated transcending the monologue of "Possessive Individuals" through the construction of relational rationality;Mac Intyre and other communitarian thinkers want to overcome the isolation of "Possessive Individual" by the social community;the analytical Marxist can overcome the supremacy of"Possessive Individual" from the level of sharing;and the entity of "Possessive Individual" by "the end of subjectivity".Although the above thinkers put forward different diagnosis and treatment schemes focusing on the survival dilemma of"possessed",they cannot overcome them fundamentally because they failed to understand the internal essence of "possessed" ".The reflection and criticism of the "Possessive Individual" also constitute the important content of Marx’s philosophy.Different from the four paths of the thinkers mentioned above,Marx reflected and criticized the "Possessive Individual" and its deep philosophical basis and realistic survival state with the thought of "Species Subject".Firstly,Marx opposed the complete elimination of "subjectivity",and theoretically reconstructed "subjectivity" from the perspective of "Species Subject".In this process,Marx turned from the abstract subject of consciousness to the practical subject of reality,from the substantive thinking to the relational horizon,from the essential provisions of human beings to the historical generation of human beings,and completed the criticism and transformation of the traditional abstract subjectivity.Secondly,Marx made a critical reflection on the "Possessive Individual" from the theoretical perspective of "Species Subject",taking "Possessive Individual" as the necessary stage of the development of human subject form,thus interpreting it as "the alienation of human kind essence","the abstract ’subjectivity’ of human beings based on the dependence of things" and "the modern subject governed by abstraction".On this basis,from the perspective of human historical generation,Marx proposed that "Species Subject" is a new form of subject that transcends "Possessive Individual".The "Species Subject" not only overcomes the alienation of human nature,but also realizes the real possession of human nature;Overcome the dependence on things and fundamentally get rid of dependence;Moreover,it breaks away from the "rule of abstraction over people",and realizes the true liberation of people.In the sense of transcendence,"Species Subject" is not only the internal unity of humanism and naturalism,but also the internal unity of category and personality.It not only overcame the double predicaments of the "Possessive Individual" in theory and practice,defended human existence and freedom,but also realized the profound transformation of the concept of subjectivity and gave new connotation to subjectivity.Finally,Marx provided a theoretical and realistic path to overcome and surpass the "Possessive Individual" from the perspective of "Species Subject".In a word,Marx reflected on and transcended the "Possessive Individual" from the theoretical perspective of "Species Subject",which not only revealed the survival secret of modern individuals,but also guided the realization of human’s comprehensive self-understanding and free personality,thus highlighting the theoretical consciousness of Marxist philosophy on practical problems.