Two Standpoints And The Moral Foundation Of Politics

In the field of political philosophy,political ideals such as equality and freedom are difficult to gain universal acceptance.And the principles and values on which the legitimacy of political institutions rests are often questioned and challenged.Therefore,political legitimacy requires a rigorous moral argument.In order to solve this dilemma,Thomas Nagel provided a unique argumentative line for the significant political philosophy issues in Equality and Partiality.His argument is always intertwined with two threads: on the one hand,he resolved the political legitimacy dilemma itself and offered a roughly directional solution based on the division of intra-personal positions.He tried to reconcile impersonal and personal positions and pursued unanimity while emphasizing individual motives and values.On the other hand,based on the pursuit of maintaining a reasonable impartiality nature within the individual,Nagel brought ethical thoughts into the political field.He not only emphasized the construction of egalitarianism,but also provided an external defense for inequality.By reflecting on the different arguments about equality,he deeply analyzed the root causes of difficulties contained in it,and sought the idealized consistent political legitimacy and realized a substantive rather than formal weak egalitarianism.Overall,the central theme of Nagel’s political thought lies his unique theoretical base.It is an attempt to examine the validity and bounds of a political system that presumes that the intransigence of human nature cannot be ignored.He not only recognized the complex reality of practical rationality and human motivation,but also inheritedly incorporate the impersonal position into the moral foundation.This essay uses Nagel’s response to the two standpoints and the moral foundations of politics as its starting point.It focuses on analyzing the line of argument in Nagel’s political philosophy and examines the inherent relevance of Nagel’s theoretical foundations and his view of equality.And it also clarifies the theoretical significance of Nagel’s philosophical ideas by explaining how his moral philosophy developed into his political philosophy.