| The birth of insurance industry is closely related to the development of commodity economy and society.As an important part of financial services industry,insurance industry plays an irreplaceable role in realizing loss compensation and economic security,and is also an important force in national economic construction.Modern Chongqing insurance industry started from Lichuan Insurance Company founded by the British businessman Lidele in 1893.After that,under the stimulation of foreign insurance industry,Chongqing national insurance industry gradually emerged and began to develop slowly.The outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression changed the basic pattern of the development of China’s insurance industry in modern times.The national insurance industry center was transferred to Chongqing,and an insurance market with Chongqing as the center radiating to the whole rear area was formed.With the return of the state government to the east,the enterprises,population and capital that had migrated to Chongqing gradually moved back,the financial market of Chongqing was weak,and the insurance industry was stagnated.Under the influence of civil war and inflation,many abnormal phenomena appeared in Chongqing’s insurance industry,which developed into a malformed inflation pattern and accelerated its decline.Until the eve of liberation,Chongqing insurance has been on the verge of collapse.With the victory of the new democratic revolution and the shift of the focus of the work of the Communist Party of China,Chongqing insurance industry ushered in a new development opportunity.The clean-up of Chongqing’s financial sector is of particular significance because it was the last megalopolis to be liberated in Chinese mainland and where the remnants of the Kuomintang were entrenched in preparation for a counter-offensive.As an important industry related to the national economy and people’s livelihood,the financial industry is not only closely related to the production and life order of the people,but also an important cornerstone for the stabilization of the political power.Therefore,the CPC’s takeover and cleaning up of Chongqing’s finance is related to whether the takeover of Chongqing is successful or not,and whether the subsequent shift of the CPC’s work focus is successful or not.As for the insurance industry in Chongqing,on the basis of the previous experience of taking over the city and rectifying the financial industry,the Military Administration Association of Chongqing treated and received the former state-owned and private insurance industry in the way of step-by-step takeover and solidarity assistance.On this basis,the insurance market was rectifying and restored to a normal state,and a new situation of the coexistence of state-owned people’s insurance and private insurance was formed.As a state-owned monopoly insurance company established in New China,the People’s Insurance Company is on one hand the administrative organ of national insurance business management,on the other hand,it is the state-owned company to promote insurance business.In the early days of Chongqing’s liberation,the People’s Insurance quickly filled the business vacuum of Chongqing’s insurance industry by setting up a wide range of institutions and improving its articles of association,and gradually established a southwest insurance network centered in Chongqing,realizing the multi-dimensional coverage of the People’s Insurance in Chongqing and other places.As an important part of the new democratic economy,the remaining private insurance industry continued to operate under the legal framework formulated by the Chongqing Military Administration Association.They were reunited in the Chongqing Insurance Industry Association after the resumption.On the one hand,they rectified their internal affairs and maintained business development,and on the other hand,they communicated with the Chongqing Military Administration Association and the People’s Insurance Association and cooperated in completing various tasks.Private insurance companies play a certain role in protecting social wealth and promoting economic development,so they are united and supported by Chongqing Military Administration Association.However,due to the weak economic and financial situation in Chongqing and the impact of the government’s "unified finance and economics",private insurance companies have greatly reduced their business sources and lost the basis for speculation,so they have to declare their business operations or move to public-private joint venture.The private insurance industry in Chongqing temporarily withdrew from the historical stage and was replaced by the People’s Insurance.Under the grand narrative of the transition and reform of the insurance history in the early period of Chongqing’s liberation,there should also be the analysis and reflection of individual cases.Changshou County,as an important district and county close to the main city of Chongqing,is a platform and carrier to observe and discuss the people’s insurance industry into the socialist transformation and the "One Five" plan period to assume important responsibilities and missions.The establishment of Changshou County insurance Company has continuity and inheritance,and its cadres and personnel have hierarchy.In the period of socialist transformation,due to the drastic social change,Changshou County insurance company overstaffed and bureaucratic phenomenon is more serious.As a grass-roots insurance institution,at the time of the historical revolution,the construction of the cadre team and the guidance of advanced ideas have been unable to keep up with the pace of The Times.In the development of the specific business,the compulsory insurance has achieved the parallel work of contracting and review,guaranteed the national industrial safety,accumulated financial funds,but there are still some enterprises lack of understanding and missing insurance and wrong insurance.In rural areas,it focused on the promotion of farm cattle insurance,which to some extent solved the worries of farmers in production.However,the typical experiment of farm cattle insurance was not of general significance,so serious problems occurred in the later large-scale promotion and the rural business had to be stopped.In the transition period from a new democratic society to a socialist society,the development of the insurance industry is facing new situations and new tasks.The development difficulties encountered by Changshou County Insurance Company at this time are the product of various contradictions interweaving Chongqing insurance industry and even the national insurance industry in the social transition period.With the reform of the economic management system of the Communist Party of China,the domestic insurance business temporarily stopped,which is also the historical miniature of the initial stage of Chongqing people’s insurance business.At present,the academic research on Chongqing’s insurance industry mainly focuses on the Anti-Japanese War period,and pays little attention to the transfer of Chongqing’s insurance center and the decline of the insurance industry after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.Moreover,the research on the takeover and clearing of the old Chongqing insurance industry and the establishment and coverage of the new insurance industry after the founding of New China is relatively weak.It is urgent to discuss such issues as the track and situation of the transfer of Chongqing insurance center after the war,the reasons and process of stagnation and decline of Chongqing insurance industry during the Civil War,the take-over clean-up and development regulation of Chongqing insurance industry at the beginning of the founding of The People’s Republic of China.These are the key issues that connect the history of insurance industry at the time of change,and are of great significance to clarify the origin of modern Chongqing insurance industry.This paper argues that during the period from the end of the Anti-Japanese War to the founding of New China,with the liberation of Chongqing as the turning point,the development course of its insurance industry can be divided into two parts: one is the stagnation and decline of the old insurance industry during the Republic of China;the other is the establishment and development of the people’s insurance industry.The change of the new and old insurance industry is of revolutionary significance,which is not only reflected in the nature of the insurance industry,but also reflected in the business development.The new people’s insurance industry not only guarantees the development of new productive forces,but also bears a special historical mission for the realization of national industrialization.In the context of historical innovation,the reform of Chongqing’s insurance industry is also one of the miniature transformations of the financial industry in the early period of the founding of The People’s Republic of China. |
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